Son of the Revolution Essay

Peter Kim HIST 354 McKenzie April 2013 Son of the Revolution Essay Right at the start of the memoir, Son of the Revolution, the reader’s attention is drawn to the strict nature of the daycare center the narrator is in. We find that China’s motion towards a Socialist party is integrated down to the people’s level, even implemented and enforced in the daycares. This seems extreme to the reader, especially when the songs sung by the children are titled, â€Å"Sweeping the Floor†, â€Å"Working the Factory† and â€Å"Planting Trees in the Countryside†.One doesn’t need much context clues to figure out what these songs are about. Consequently, this level of extreme integration has caused Chinese society to value family as second-priority to this pursuit of Socialist. However, in this setting where the family isn’t that well off, we learn that Heng and his siblings were spoiled by their paternal and maternal grandmothers. In regards to Mao Zedong, the people of China are led to believe that Mao was in some sort of a deity, a god that affected everyone’s lives.Simultaneously, he was considered as a national father of everyone in Communist China. The author demonstrates this when recalling the sweet of relief he felt when he heard â€Å"that Chairman Mao had forgiven† him, and through writing exercises that required them to repeatedly practice writing, â€Å"Chairman Mao is our Great Saving Star,† and â€Å"We are all Chairman Mao’s good little children. † To many outside nations, including Americans, this seems like a way of brainwashing the people, especially at such an early age.However, we already know that the leaders of the Communist Party have no such fatherly intentions for their â€Å"children†. The â€Å"Hundred Flowers Movement,† a movement that encouraged China’s peoples to openly express their voices and opinions, turns out to be a trap set to ide ntify any Rightists in the midst of people. Trying to be helpful, Heng’s mother is accused of being a Rightist and is sent to a labor camp to â€Å"reform† her. We observe this clash of traditional Confucian value in family with the political allegiance to the Communist movement in Heng’s father, even to the oint where he denounces his own wife. The loyalty to China’s communist Party over family runs deep within its people. Upon hearing that their own father is accused of being a Capitalist and anti-Party, Liang Heng and his siblings become enraged at their own father; in other words, the children honored the communist Party more than they honored their own father, which is ironic to Liang Shang, since he abandoned his wife for the Party.In addition to the Hundred Flowers Movement, Liang Heng’s life took another major turn of events with the initiation of â€Å"The Great Leap Forward,† Mao Zedong’s attempt to transform China from an a grarian economy into a more modernized Communist society via rapid industrialization and collective farming. Naturally, private farming would become prohibited and even accused as an act of rebellion against the revolution. However, the Great Leap Forward was a massive failure with millions of people dying from starvation. Liang Heng’s family was no exception, and had to accommodate for these times.The majority of this narrative takes place during the Cultural Revolution, movement that resulted from the failure of the Great Leap Forward. The main goal of the Revolution was to shift â€Å"old,† traditional, Capitalist China into the â€Å"new,† communist China to secure Mao Zedong’s position in power. Like his other previous endeavors, we see that the Cultural Revolution brought with it confusion and chaos to the people, particularly having to do with the change in names of everything around them from roads to stores to public parks. Liang’s friends have even abandoned their old names to adopt newer â€Å"revolutionary† names.Still, holding such high regards to their Chairman Mao and failing to see flaws in his methods, our narrator strives to one day carry his own Red Guard uniform, specifically upon seeing his older sister wearing her own uniform. Ironically, his own home is later raided by these Red Guards because of his family’s â€Å"political† history – his mother’s relatives have moved to Taiwan, she herself is branded as a Rightist, his father is a writer, or â€Å"stinking intellectual. † These circumstances make it difficult for Liang Heng socially, and he is constantly persecuted and ridiculed by the rest of society because of it.

Best High School Experience Essay

My best high school experience would be graduating. Me graduation was the highlight of my teenage life. I was happy to be leaving high school and beginning a new chapter in my life. I was excited to step into adulthood and be independent. Of course I mentally prepared myself for what was to come and I was more than prepared for all the challenges I would face with being on my own and starting college. This would be my first year in college and I can say that everything has been going pretty good. There has been some up and downs along this new journey of mine, but I really can’t complain. I am on the road to success and I know my parents couldn’t be any happier. I hope to someday accomplish my dream of becoming a pediatrician and working with children. I feel proud of myself for coming this for and I’m glad to say that this is just the beginning. All of this wouldn’t have been possible if I wouldn’t have graduated high school so graduating high scho ol is by far my best experience.

Business Ethics Topics.. 5 questions each have their own title Essay

Business Ethics Topics.. 5 questions each have their own title - Essay Example If the objective is to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number, one must work with estimates. (97) McGee explains that the most important principle that all ethical organizations in all cultures should consider is not to breach or contribute in any way to the breaching of individual contract rights. Rosenthal (2013) says â€Å"Ethics in international business is a very complex issue since ethical standards differ among different countries. Some issues which organizations should establish an ethical standpoint include corporate governance, social responsibility, targeted marketing and corruption.† When trading in international markets, participants should be aware of different ethical standards and business standpoints of various groups around the world. A trader should always ensure that high ethical standards are observed and also be prepared to accept the different standards and expectations of others as well as the reasons for them. Bibliography Frankel, Paul, McG ee, Robert, and Tibor, Machan. Business Ethics in the Global Market. Hoover institution Pr.1999.print Rosenthal, Joel. â€Å"Ethics and International affairs: A primer†. ... al with the help of what is not public knowledge and therefore giving them an advantage over the rest of the market participants who are on the outside (Machan and Chester, 131) The Pros of insider trading includes: it increase the overall efficiency of transactions in the market. McGee (2009) argues that â€Å"those trading from the inside send signals to others whose reactions then help propel the market to its new level of efficiency† (67).Another pro for insider trading according to McGee is that it allows the executives to use inside information to cut the company costs through saving on payroll costs. It is an alternative form of compensation that makes it possible for the organization to pay a lower salary (McGee, 67).The cons of insider trading include; it is morally not right for some individuals to gain from inside information by making huge profits with such little effort. Also business is like level playing field where all individuals should benefit from informatio nal equally and not where others enjoy informational advantages over others. Insider trading is economically beneficial since stocks can trade at prices that reflect more information. Those who are against insider trading base their arguments on emotional appeals and not sound economic analysis. Bibliography Machan,Tibor & Chesher,James. A Primer on Business Ethics.Rowman & Little field. 2003.print McGee, Robert. â€Å"Analyzing Insider Trading from the Perspectives of Utilitarian Ethics and Rights Theory†. Journal of Business Ethics Springer.2009.DOI 10.1007/s10551-009-0068-2 Question#3. Capitalism is the political economic system in which the institution of the right to private property is fully protected. It is an economic arrangement of an organized human community. It is a type of legal order

The Tyranny of Choice - Barry Schwartz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Tyranny of Choice - Barry Schwartz - Essay Example rilliantly in his essay by first mentioning everyday choices so a clear picture is formed in the readers’ minds and then he channels the focus to his real purpose of critiquing too many choices in the education system. Schwartz begins with common examples to elaborate his point for two main reasons. First, he wants to establish familiarity among readers. They should be able to relate what Schwartz has to say. Everyone eats or knows cereal flavors and watches cable TV channels, not everyone is in college though. Second, he wants to point out that the explosion of choice is not only limited to the field of education. Be it food, fashion, entertainment or travelling, everyone has too many choices in every niche. It is not just the common examples that make the essay more agreeable, it is the common logic presented in it beautifully that makes it worth a read. Schwartz never says that choice itself is bad. A little choice is very healthy and almost essential for a healthy society. The way society has progressed showed that people were getting happier when they had two TV channels instead of one. Similarly one flavor of ice-cream will certainly bore anyone if fed every day. So the simple logic would be more choice makes people happier. But studies show (as mentioned in the essay) that people are happier when they had ‘some’ choice. David Myres, Robert E. Lance and Gregg Easterbook have conducted a study that shows a happiness decline of 5% (compared to 1974) among people despite bombarding them with so many choices (Schwartz 835-36). Another study suggests that people are less likely to purchase when they can choose from 30 flavors of jams compared to choosing from a total of six flavors (Schwartz 836). The approach of essay is also necessary to asnwers the ‘why’ behind the declining happiness. Without giving examples from everyday life early on this clarity of presentation would not have been possible. The hypothesis of Schwartz’s own investigation into

Southwest Airlines Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6750 words

Southwest Airlines - Case Study Example According to the report findings the remarkable success and innovative ways with that Southwest Airlines has achieved has made this study interesting. It is worth studying the business concept of Southwest, which involves attracting passengers by flying convenient schedules and getting passengers to their destination on time using several strategic initiatives. The efficiency, quality of service, controlled growth, increase in demand for reliable low-fare travel, and other key success factors like leadership, culture, strategy and coordination are some of the factors that contributed to the success of the airline. This project aims to study the relative contribution made by these distinct factors that made this remarkable transformation possible for Southwest. As the discussion declares the Company’s vision statement expresses a â€Å"dedication to the highest quality of customer service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, and individual pride and Company spirit.† The Company has the mission to â€Å"provide safe and comfortable air transportation in commuter and short-haul markets, from close-in airports, at prices competitive with automobiles and buses and to involve customers and employees in the product and the process, making the airline a fun, profitable and quality experience.† From the very start, Southwest Airlines’ goals were to make a profit, achieve job security for every employee, and make flying affordable for more people. (Freiberg & Freiber

Social and Psychological Theories in the depiction of the Wannsee Essay

Social and Psychological Theories in the depiction of the Wannsee meeting in the film Conspiracy - Essay Example "Conspiracy" is a real eye-opener as it opens a whole new load of questions for the viewer. We already know that the Holocaust already happened, but what is really mind-boggling is how is became possible in the first place. How killing 11 million lives could just be a matter of logistics: how much would it cost How to dispose of the bodies And here, we see the machinations of the hands that turn the wheels, so to speak. Now we could try to form an understanding, an attempt to grasp the psychological ruminations of those involved, by explaining their actions through some knows social and psychological principles. For example, what makes it possible for individuals to carry out evil or genocide Whenever a group, with the majority in unison, is involved in a decision-making process, they "tend to stifle dissent because group harmony is the anticipated outcome" (Heffner). In the movie, the men were unanimous in declaring their hatred for Jews. The meeting is also dominated by Reinhard Heydrich, a charismatic man who knows how to manipulate his colleagues, and to stifle any arising objection. Wilhelm Kritzinger, who expressed doubts on the matter of extermination based on moral grounds was merely deprecated. The few men who tried to argue against extreme policies eventually give way to the more dominant consensus. "When we all agree, and are happy with that agreement, we typically do not want to hear opposing arguments" (Heffner). This phenomenon is called "group think" and many aspects of the conference, including the characters' behaviors display this. Here, the individual's mind takes a back seat and the "group mind" takes over. Meanwhile, the principle of Group Polarization happens when a group tends to takes an "extreme position". Fuelling each others' beliefs, they become so hyped-up by and convinced of their positions, that they end up hastily agreeing to an idea without considering other aspects of the debate (Heffner). An example of this happened when the talk of "relocation" to Madagascar turns to "extermination" or the "final solution" while the officials express their hate of and regard for sub-humanity of Jews. Aside from the Holocaust, some examples of "group think" taken to the extremes due to Group Polarization include "lynch mobs, actions of the Ku Klux Klan, discrimination among hate groups, and mass riots" (Heffner). Also, the Nazi officials do not look particularly menacing or murderous, but as a whole, they have managed to put a stamp to the death certificate of an entire race. Fundamentally, the decision theory, "a body of knowledge and related analytical techniques of different degrees o f formality designed to help a decision maker choose among a set of alternatives in light of their possible consequences" ("Decision Theory") which governs groups including that of the Wannsee meeting, is that of "group think" and Group Polarization. It could also be noted that the officers never used the words "killing" or "murder", merely "evacuation" in labor camps with harsh conditions designed for slow and eventual death, those who will survive will be "treated accordingly". This kind of masquerading serves to desensitize them of the reality of what they are actually doing.

Should broadcasters be required to accept advocacy advertising Research Paper

Should broadcasters be required to accept advocacy advertising - Research Paper Example It is the duty of the media to convey only the facts to the public. If media has some interests in exaggerating certain issues or hiding certain issues, the public will never get the exact dimensions of such issues. In other words, public may become forced to take wrong stands on issues if they get inadequate information. For example, Obama’s bailout package or healthcare reform policies may have lot of advantages and disadvantages. It is the duty of the media to convey both the merits and demerits of these policies to the public. If the media tries to focus more on either the merit or the demerit, the public will not get the actual picture about these polices. In an advocacy advertising campaign, â€Å"although separate displays may be taken within a campaign are to different audiences, each of these advertisements should communicate the same central message of the campaign†(The Essentials of Advocacy Advertising, n. d). In short, advocacy advertising forces broadcaste rs to spread the same message to the audience through different types of advertising. Thus the audience or the public will get the same content in different forms while broadcasters engage in a advocacy advertising.

Feeding 9 Billion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Feeding 9 Billion - Essay Example Various sources through which greenhouse gases are emitted include trains, airplanes, cars, trucks and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from factories among others. Currently, agriculture is determined to be the prime factor responsible for global warming due to augmented emission of methane and carbon dioxide. Additionally, agriculture is one of the major factors accountable for global warming for growing demand of food (Nationalgeographic, 2014). Global warming has been adversely affecting the environmental conditions of the earth owing to increased temperature along with changing climatic scenario. Presently, agriculture is considered to be the leading factor accountable for global warming due to increased food requirement for the growing population. Agricultural activities have been emitting greenhouse gases in an increased manner in the form of methane gases from cattle as well as rice farms. Fertilized fields are also identified to release nitrous oxide and additionally, carbon dioxide is released from deforestation of rain forest for raising livestock and growing crops. Agriculture is required to be provided with adequate water supplies for farming operations. Contextually, farming operations are one of the prime sources of water polluter as rivers, coastal ecosystems and fragile lakes are polluted with manure as well as fertilizers. In this regard, agriculture has been recognized to adversely affect biodiversity owing to deforestation and extinction of wildlife (Brown & Sovacool, 2011; Mohr, 2005). Contextually, agriculture poses diverse challenges and threats for the environment due to increased population rate and growing demand of food. Subsequently, agriculture is used in an imminences manner to meet the growing demand for food by the augmented pollution. In this respect, in order to meet the increased food demand of the global population, agricultural

Comparative Aanalysis of Dell And Apple Laptop Marketing Essay

Comparative Aanalysis of Dell And Apple Laptop Marketing - Essay Example Apple’s brand personality is about removing complexity from consumer lifestyle through technology and the humanistic governance structure of Apple as a consumer-centric brand. 2. Market review Apple is much more transparent and accountable for its failures and successes associated with tangible product as part of the marketing mix. Apple performs what is referred to as movement marketing, a new marketing model that is strongly customer-centric, using corporate values as a foundation of sharing with consumers and being able to tap into their pre-existing values and lifestyle beliefs. Apple embraces social media as one platform by which to perform this movement marketing, using this forum to enhance customer relationship management and also to consistently reiterate what Apple believes in rather than simply expressing to target consumers the tangible benefits of various laptop products. This is the genuine key to brand loyalty (Goodson 2011). Making use of social media, such as Twitter and Facebook, provides Apple with unique opportunities to illustrate its belief in establishing effective, long-term customer relationships in key target demographics. Having established brand loyalty founded on years of consumer-accepted innovation launches that revolutionized the computing experience and with strict focus on customer relationship management philosophy. This provides Apple significant advantages over competition as once brand loyalty is established, it allows companies to position the brand under a premium pricing model (Chaudhuri and Holbrook 2001). Loyal customers are more apt to spend higher resources on their favourite brands and will be more active... This paper stresses that using values and principles at the corporate level as a promotional tool is unique in this technology industry and continues to provide greater sales volumes and the ability to expand various Apple branded product lines to include new innovation or supplementary service offerings. The report makes a conclusion that Dell must accept its current market position as a value-conscious brand that is aligned with consumer expectations for quality and excellence in service and support as it cannot justify premiumisation at this time. Dell unfortunately must rely on costly promotional ventures in order to produce greater revenues, however these efforts continue to put Dell back on the proverbial competitive map as a brand that can adjust with consumer needs and changing market conditions. The author of the paper declares that Apple gains much market loyalty and positive brand sentiment in its key target markets by extolling genuine, heartfelt connections between business and consumer which leads to brand attachments and avoids the risk of brand defection in dedicated target markets. Dell is missing opportunities to add a humanistic element into the marketing mix that can be accomplished, at low cost, through social media outlets. Apple, on the other hand, can benefit f rom Dell’s customization strategy, offering similar customized offerings based on aesthetics. Apple is currently differentiated from lower-priced competitors such as Dell.

Tourism policy assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tourism policy assignment - Essay Example The first step is to understand the socio-economic framework (or development philosophy) within which the industry operates. To this end, what is the underlying philosophy that governs the development of tourism in your policy area Why is it necessary to have this information when devising policy (Please provide the diagram and the explanation.) The west London tourism policy is developed keeping in view of the developing the overall standards of the society. The global slump in the tourism industry due to a series of issues like the 9/11,the Sars and mad cow diseases has created new challenges and decreased the tourist inflow both domestic and international. The increase in competition between nations has poised new challenges for tourism development in UK. The national authorities have had a daunting task of locating the regional vide inequalities in the services and infrastructure. The centre immediate challenge is to extract various local concerns and develop or encourage a regional policy for individual policy development. The West London tourism development being one of the major aspect of tourism development has created an interest. The key developments like the population growth, the decrease in the manufacturing jobs, the increase in the demand for the services and business functional job have create new challenges. The growing population are in need of infrastructure which is an essential component of the tourism development. The more and more shopping facilities and other amenities create an ideal ambience for a distinct life style. The decentralization of the governance and providing more representation will open up new opportunities. The authorities had highlighted some key factors that could be most influential in making the West London as a renowned tourist organisation. The west London tourism organisation having important tourism and sports facilities had to capitalize on the events like Olympics lined up in the future. The U K tourism department in line with global demands has evolved a strategic policy to chart out various tourism enhancing initiatives for various affiliated tourism governing bodies . The key factors are the enhancing the economy in the west London region Creating a congenial atmosphere in West London Enhancing the living standards of the people and encouraging the social equality among the residents. The West London tourism policies support the national vision of enhancing the value of the tourism in London and in UK and create a prosperous society with overall socio-economic

Formative Assessment and Secondary Higher Secondary Essay Example for Free

Formative Assessment and Secondary Higher Secondary Essay Main subjectsEnglish, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Civics, Geography and Economics. Additional subjects (optional)Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Kannada, Marathi, Malayalam, Manipuri, Oriya, Punjabi, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, French, Tibetan, German, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Nepali, Limboo, Lepcha, Bhutia, and Mizo. Continuous and comprehensive evaluation is an education system newly introduced by Central Board of Secondary Education in India, for students of sixth to tenth grades. The main aim of CCE is to evaluate every aspect of the child during their presence at the school. This is believed to help reduce the pressure on the child during/before examinations as the student will have to sit for multiple tests throughout the year, of which no test or the syllabus covered will be repeated at the end of the year, whatsoever. The CCE method is claimed to bring enormous changes from the traditional chalk and talk method of teaching, provided it is implemented accurately. Introduction Implementation of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation was one of the recommendations of the Indian Education Commission, 1964-66 popularly known as Kothari Commission. The recommendation was accepted by the Govt. of India under National Policy of Education(NPE),1968 which was formulated on the basis of the recommendations of the Kothari Commission. A humble beginning was made since then by introducing unit tests in place of Term end exam or year end exam.Subsequently the NPE was re-formulated in 1986.The Govt. of India came out with Programme of Action in(PoA)in 1992.All the documents such as National Curriculum Frame work for School Education,2000 and the National Curriculum Frame work, 2005 also stressed on the implementation of the CCE.With the launching of the SSA, the CCE was introduced for the classes from Ist to VIIth.The RTE also speaks about the CCE. Thus CCE is implemented now during the tenure of Shri Sibbal,Minister of Human Resource Development. This is the new evaluation method introduced recently to decrease the accumulated stress of board exams on the students and to introduce a more uniform and comprehensive pattern in education for the children all over the nation. CCE helps in improving student’s performance by identifying his/her learning difficulties and abilities at regular time intervals right from the beginning of the academic session and employing suitable remedial measures for enhancing their learning performance. CCE is the modern method of evaluating all the prime dimensions of a students personality that of how much he has been through out. New scheme of evaluation As a part of this new system, students marks will be replaced by grades which will be evaluated through a series of curricular and extra-curricular evaluations along with academics. The aim is to reduce the workload on students and to improve the overall skill and ability of the student by means of evaluation of other activities. Grades are awarded to students based on work experience skills, dexterity, innovation, steadiness, teamwork, public speaking, behavior, etc. to evaluate and present an overall measure of the students ability. This helps the students who are not good in academics to show their talent in other fields such as arts, humanities,  sports, music, athletics, etc. Marks and grades In CCE, the marks obtained in an exam are usually not revealed. However, equivalent grades, which would be deduced using a special method by the teachers during evaluation would be revealed. This is considered as a drawback since a child with 92 marks will get the same grade as the child with 100 marks and their talents cannot be recognized by anyone else other than their teachers. Though this system might have some drawbacks it instills this value that students need to compete with themselves to get a better grade and not with others. The grading system is as follows- CGPAGradeQualified?Merited? Unlike CBSEs old pattern of only one test at the end of the academic year, the CCE conducts several. There are two different types of tests. Namely, the formative and the summative. Formative tests will comprise the students work at class and home, the students performance in oral tests and quizzes and the quality of the projects or assignments submitted by the child. Formative tests will be conducted four times in an academic session, and they will carry a 40% weightage for the aggregate. In some schools, an additional written test is conducted instead of multiple oral tests. However, at-least one oral test is conducted. The summative assessment is a three-hour long written test conducted twice an year. The first summative or Summative Assessment 1 (SA-1) will be conducted after the first two formatives are completed. The second (SA-2) will be conducted after the next  two formatives. Each summative will carry a 30% weightage and both together will carry a 60% weightage for the aggregate. The summative assessment will be conducted by the schools itself. However, the question papers will be partially prepared by the CBSE and evaluation of the answer sheets is also strictly monitored by the CBSE. Once completed, the syllabus of one summative will not be repeated in the next. A student will have to concentrate on totally new topics for the next summative. At the end of the year, the CBSE processes the result by adding the formative score to the summative score, i.e. 40% + 60% = 100%. Depending upon the percentage obtained, the board will deduce the CGPA and thereby deduce the grade obtained. In addition to the summative assessment, the board will offer an optional online aptitude test that may also be used as a tool along with the grades obtained in the CCE to help students to decide the choice of subjects in further studies. The board has also instructed the schools to prepare the report card and it will be duly signed by the principal, the student and the Board official. Often during the evaluation of Social Science papers, the following concepts are observed. Investigation of the situation What is the question and what is to be explained. Deductive Method What does the student know and how can he use it to explain a situation. Co-relation with a real life situation Whether the situation given matches any real life situation, like tsunamis, floods, tropical cyclones, etc. Usage of Information Technology Can the problem be solved with the use of IT? If yes, how? In addition to that, various assignments can be given such as projects, models and charts, group work, worksheet, survey, seminar, etc. The teacher will also play a major role. For example, they give remedial help, maintain a term-wise record and checklists, etc.

Multicultural Managers In Global Teams

Multicultural Managers In Global Teams LOreal is an intriguing company: Very French in culture and image, and yet very global in products, brands and activities. It is poised to reach the next billion consumers mostly among the budding middle class of emerging economies. In this article we explore one facet of L Oreals success: Its very clever use of managers with bi-cultural backgrounds in the most critical process for the success of the company; new product development. Of course we all now recognize that cultural diversity is a good thing, and we value executives with expatriate assignments in their backgrounds, who claim themselves to have become cosmopolitan. LOreal goes one big step further: Rather than just diversity among executives it seeks diversity within each executive [2. Yves: Brannen Thomas, 2010: p.6 p.13: cultural diversity that exists within individuals and MYB Lee, forthcoming, p.23: diversity within a single person] Yves, i.e., it hires develops and uses strategically individual who usually by way of a multicultural early childhood-have gained the ability to understand and behave according to the cultural meanings and norms of two or more cultures. [3. Yves: This definition of multiculturalism. MYB can not argue to own the definition as hers. Previously other researchers define biculturalism such as Hong et al., 2000 in their phenomenal article, Multicultural minds] Not only can they be precious bridges between their cultures of origins, they can also be sensitive alert scouts in new cultures, with an ability to grasp them much greater than individuals from a single cultural origin. [4. Yves: This is about multiculturals cognitive complexity (BMV et al., 2006 and Tadmor et al., 2006/9. I think this sentence is more common sense. I heard a lot from those who participated in Bicultural thought leadership conference in Green Gulch and Abu Dhabi] Not every global company needs bi-cultural executives but many can greatly benefit and learn from them, thus instilling in their international executives -whose vast majority are from a single cultural origin-some of the critical cross-cultural skills that help make them effective. [5. Yves: Is this can be a common sense?, I dont find exactly same words or phrase in MYBs]In this article we draw a few lessons from examining LOreals decade long experience in using bi-cultural executives selectively. But first, what is the challenge bi-culturals allow to address successfully? [6. Yves: I dont know why she highlighted here] THE CHALLENGE: IT IS NOT EASY TO BE LOCAL AND GLOBAL Global competitors face an age-old tension: Serving regional or national markets requires adaptation to local conditions, and calls for differentiation in their products, services, and business models, but achieving economies of scale and scope across markets calls for uniformity and integration of activities. Local responsiveness and global integration are hard to combine. Some products are clearly global, such as TV sets, except for regulatory and language differences, and simple technical differences such as voltage. Others, such as restaurants, are intrinsically local, although global formulas and brands may succeed, such as Starbucks or Benihana. Many products, and to a lesser extent services, call both for responsiveness to local differences and for some form of global integration, of brands, marketing and advertising, manufacturing, product development, and research. They are affected by the global-local duality of knowledge differentiation and integration in innovation proces ses. Perhaps at the forefront are companies striving to develop global products in culture-sensitive and ethnically differentiated markets, such as cosmetics and skin or hair care. LOrà ©al very much faces this challenge: Its main product categories, skin care, hair care, hair color and beauty categories are sensitive to global economies of scale and scope, and they also need to be highly responsive to local market differences. Furthermore, not all of LOrà ©als product categories face the same mix of demands: Hair care may be very regional and dependent on ethnic differences, lipstick and most fragrances much more universal. Luxury brands are more global than mass market ones, which are often local. Figure 1: The complexity of product portfolio: Responsiveness and Integration Differences The global integration-local responsiveness issue is further complicated when the knowledge required to develop and market products is complex. Yet, such complex knowledge (tacit and collective, only revealed in action and interaction) now lies at the heart of innovation and global competitive advantage, not just for LOrà ©al but also for most global competitors. Other forms of arbitrage, for products, costs, or materialsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are easily imitated, and have been. Complex knowledge is hard to identify and observe, let alone imitate. It has become the main source of sustainable competitive advantage for global competitors. It drives hard to imitate innovations. LOrà ©al as a leading French multinational company in skin care and beauty products provides a remarkable example of relying on complex knowledge for innovation: Its products are not just chemicals, much more importantly, they depend on fashion, style, seduction, they convey national image of French womens sophisticationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ they elicit the idealized self-image of its customers and their value is conveyed through complex, often subliminal advertising and multiple distribution channels. Of course, some highly culture- and context-dependent products, with a strong national identity happen to find readily a global market. They are widely adopted worldwide with little or no adaptation (French perfumes, U.S. action movies, German classical music and high-end cars, Japanese Mangas, Korean K-Pop, Bollywood movie and TV productions or U.S. fast food). But these are exceptions more than the rule. In fact, a common language, high cultural and institutional homogeneity, greater density of interpersonal networks and friendships, and less not-invented-here resistance mean complex knowledge generally diffuses more rapidly within single countries than across national boundaries. So, in industries where complex knowledge drives innovative advantage success depends on face-to-face (or rather shoulder to shoulder) participation in local and national networks where new complex knowledge first arises. [7. Yves: Isnt this argument yours?] MNCs should build, manage, and globally integra te their local/global capabilities and dispersed inputs. Yet the quality of local knowledge access, being embedded in local cultures and networks, often makes global sharing more difficult, as local participants in global innovation processes are culturally very different and closely identify with their origins. [8. Yves: Isnt this yours as well? MYB doesnt do much about knowledge and global innovation, does she?] For many companies, such as LOrà ©al, this challenge is further complicated by an additional contradiction: While they want to be global, they do not want to relinquish the advantages associated with their country of origin. LOrà ©al does not just sell cosmetics, it mainly sells French-ness to women around the world. In other words, its identity, and its founders cultural inheritance need to be protected, and remain part and parcel of its global offerings. The company has maintained its founders spirit of entrepreneurship, and remains largely family-controlled, with a very strong shared culture. Over its 73 years, it has had only four CEOs (including the founder), all with very long tenures, and it promotes only from within. One becomes part of senior management over the years, as one weaves a dense network of relationships with colleagues and builds trust over time. In France, the company has a reputation for being the consumer marketing school, and many of its alumni have become successful entrepreneurs and business builders, such as LOccitane en Provence, a highly successful fast growing skin and body care company. Its third CEO, Welshman (and INSEAD graduate) Lindsey Owen Jones is widely credited for having transformed the company from a regional European challenger to a global leader, but the company still remains quite remarkably French. Traditional approaches to the internationalization of senior management would not work well for LOrà ©al, or might only work very slowly since a rapid infusion of international executives in the top ranks might compromise the tightly knit and informal French community of senior managers, operating as a global network. Furthermore at LOrà ©al, complex knowledge about products, cultures, and how to work together is progressively learned and internalized by individuals as their career develops, which makes a rapid internationalization of senior management through hiring from outside largely impossible. French managers are often assigned to international operations, and learn about the plurality of cultural and institutional contexts, as well as about differen t consumer priorities, but few foreigners become senior executives. The most promising international executives might be reluctant to join LOrà ©al anyway fearing the risk of a glass ceiling. Successful senior executives often identify themselves as partly French, for instance French and German, of French, Moroccan, and German. And even executives that identify themselves as foreigners take great pain to explain they have lived in France and worked for LOrà ©al for a long time and pride themselves on speaking perfect French. The main language of the company has remained French. [9. Yves: This is my observation and your informal discussion when you lead workshop with LOreal RD top management a while ago] STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS DO NOT WORK: For LOrà ©al, and for many multinational companies, to successfully address the global-local innovation duality, simple structural solutions such as regional units or global product divisions wont work, for at least two reasons. First, the product range puts both intensely global and intensely local demands on the way the company is run. No either-or organizational solution will work, the company needs both global and local priorities effectively taken into consideration in decision-making. Take perfumes (or fragrances as they are known in the industry). World products and famous world brands (think of Chanel No 5) are the name of the game, but the underlying knowledge needed to develop a perfume resides mainly in France, for historical reasons. Second, companies such as LOrà ©al need a wide range of products to maintain their strength in distribution: fragrances, cosmetics, skin care products, and hair products. Any simple structural approach such as local subsidiaries and regional entities or global business units would fit a few of their products but not all, given the diversity of demands for local responsiveness and global integration shown on Figure 1. Some are more global, such as perfumes or cosmeti cs, others are more regional or local, such as hair care or skin care. As the company considers increasingly the next billion customers (as the CEO stresses) in emerging economies, both the advantages of global scale and the need for local differentiation will increase even further. For some products, like fragrances, most relevant market and technical knowledge can be found in one place, for most though, like hair care, relevant knowledge is distributed around the world and will become even more so with the growing importance of emerging economies. Furthermore, speed is often of the essence: Knowledge-driven FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods, such as beauty and skin care products) industries call for a continuous stream of innovations across a wide product portfolio facing both local responsiveness demands and global integration advantages, but in varying degree among products. In new areas, such as anti-aging, competition is intense and fast, as well as technology based, in mature areas it is slower and marketing driven. Yet, any technological advantages are short-lived. Yet speed needs to be tempered by continuity. Even with constant innovation, markets quickly reduce the most advanced products to the condition of feature-less commodities unless brand equity has been built very quickly. Underlying ingredients are relatively stable and long-lived, but new products are frequent. Brands cover families of products (Lancà ´me, Biothermà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) to provide continuity and lasting brand strength but leave room for fast and fre quent product renewals. Continuity of brands, and of channels, and renewal of products have to be carefully integrated. No organizational structure, global business units or country organizations will be up to the task. Structure is too blunt a tool. Of course, some multinationals resort to matrix organizations, but adopting a matrix organization is a cop out: It just acknowledges that, as we just outlined, complex, varied and rapid trade offs between local responsiveness and global integration need to be made constantly on very specific issues: product packaging, marketing campaigns, specific chemical ingredients, etc. So rather than risk getting mired in the negotiations that end up being so characteristic on matrix organizations, many companies, LOreal included, go one step further: Global teams. GLOBAL TEAMS: PROMISE AND PITFALLS Faced with such challenges to achieve worldwide innovation, combine global knowledge integration and local knowledge differentiation, and be fast, global companies increasingly resort to global, and often virtual, teams. These teams hold the promise of effective knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, as well as flexibility, responsiveness, and speed. Yet, in practice in many companies these global teams are no panacea: they suffer from misunderstandings, conflicts and often fall prey to a Babel Syndrome: their members talk past each other, not together, and teamwork breaks down. The results of their work are often disappointing, particularly when complex knowledge is essential, like the proverbial camel designed by a (multi-cultural) committee. Actually, it is often difficult to transmit even explicit knowledge across cultural boundaries and it seems impossible to transmit tacit knowledge, where physical distance also gets in the way. Even seemingly universal and very precisely expli cit knowledge, such as mathematics, is liable to different perspectives and interpretations in different cultures. Tacit knowledge cannot be transmitted over distance because it is revealed only in action and cannot be meaningfully explained. It has to be learned through (co)-practice. [10. Yves: The difficulty to transfer tacit knowledge is common sense and not only MYB (2004) and much earlier, other researchers (Szulanski, 1996; Zander Kogut, 1995) already argued.] BI-CULTURAL MANAGERS AND GLOBAL TEAMS AT LORÉAL To avoid the pitfalls typical of global teams LOrà ©al makes extensive use of bi-cultural managers and professionals in its product development process (i.e., individuals, usually of mixed cultural backgrounds, who can switch their frame of reference, both in what they understand and in how they behave, between two or more cultures). Although bi- and multi-culturals only account for a very small proportion of LOrà ©als employees (a few dozens out of 69 000 employees in 130 subsidiaries) they play a key role in the most critical activity of the company: new product development, headquartered in Paris. No less than forty percent of about 160 product development project managers (among whom 40% come from foreign subsidiaries and 60% were recruited in France) are multicultural. LOrà ©al has maintained this recruitment balance in new product development leaders for over ten years. The task: New product development teams, each composed of a few people, some multicultural (the smaller circles on Figure 2), work closely with other groups such as research and development, the international marketing team, and local subsidiaries in a highly interactive process. It involves functional groups within HQ and across regional offices. Newly created product concepts also have to be coherent with existing product lines (e.g., hair care products that use only natural plants) and their reputation (e.g., environment-friendly and people-tested). So considerable inputs from the various subsidiaries are needed. Finally, the product has to be feasible for manufacturing without any risks. Developing a new product concept takes from six months to a year depending on the products level of novelty. In developing a new product concept, multicultural project managers have to present their work to top management on a regular basis, both formally and informally. Once they obtain approval for their new product concept, they present their project at the la journà ©e mondiale, LOrà ©als largest and most important yearly event at HQ. This event attracts all regional directors from all around the globe who come to evaluate future products (i.e., those that would hit the market in one or two years). If feedback from the regional directors attending this event is positive the multicultural project managers move from articulating product concepts to actually designing the products. In the design phase, multicultural project managers select and combine ingredients, choose product colors, and design packaging for the product with the packaging team (often outsourced) and manufacturing team (called the Factory). They interface intensely both with headquarter functions and local subsidiaries around the world. Through all phases, project managers work with their colleagues in teams within and across departments at HQ and local subsidiaries. Multicultural project managers work with others on three levels. First, they work in their own team (called the unit team), where they managed informal relationships with other product managers. One product development team is composed of two or three project managers who are responsible for developing different products for the same region in the same product category (e.g., hair products). For example, for Latin America, one multi-cultural manager (Lebanese-Spanish-American) was in charge of womens hair color, while another (French-Irish-Cambodian) was in charge of womens hair care (hair damage). They shared physical space so that they could exchange ideas, information, and feedback (the larger central circle on Figure 2). Second, they interact with their boss and the leaders of other functional departments in Paris. Although more than 40% of the project managers in the new product development division are multi-cultural, the majority of their direct bosses are mono-cultural, very French. Project managers meet their direct boss quite freely any time they needed or vice versa. Regular divisional team meetings with top management are held with other unit teams (for the same product line, such as hair care Asia and hair care international), other functional departments, and teams in local subsidiaries. Informal meetings with other functional departments (e.g., RD, supply chain, advertising, and packaging) are held based on the phase of the product development process. Third, project managers work with local subsidiaries, via email, phone calls, and videoconferences. They also visit local offices regularly. It is the project managers direct bosses, however, who visit local subsidiaries more frequently-at least once a month-as they are in charge of developing several products at the same time. In addition, because project managers are operating within a tight schedule and budget, they accompany their direct boss only when the visit is urgent and important. In the final development phase project managers involve employees who executed promotional campaigns through television, the Internet, and other advertising activities. They set up all visual images of products, articulate the products selling points, and choose the best way to promote the products they developed. Team leaders with more experience lead the promotion campaign directly. More specifically, experienced team leaders travel to local subsidiaries and direct all processes of promotion. Product promotion also involves various new tasks often outsourced to new groups. For example, to promote a make-up product for Chinese women, the promotion team hired a famous local movie star, local make-up and uniform team, local stage setting team, and a professional camera crew (which was a French team). Television commercials are typically expensive and take months to complete. The people: Beginning with their recruitment, multicultural project managers at LOrà ©al gained credibility for new product development by being labeled international talent by the Human Resource department, a prestigious title in a company trying to combine strong French roots with global reach. Most had at least five years of working experience in sales and marketing in local subsidiaries, or for those recruited in France, who were graduates of top business schools, twelve months of intensive training in product development and marketing department at HQ. At LOrà ©al, they were called the stars or crà ¨me de la crà ¨me (meaning the best of the best). LOrà ©al designated an HR manager who managed the performance and career development of these employees who were anticipated to be top performers. Figure 2: Team composition and its work within and across units at LOrà ©al !!!Yves: From this part till conclusion in p.19, all parts are from the 2nd chapter of my dissertation. Multiculturals in global teams: Multi-cultural individuals that have internalized more than a single cultural schema (i.e., the values, norms of behavior and beliefs of a given culture), [11. Yves: this is the definition of multiculturalism. See #3] bring unusual skills to solve challenges in knowledge transfer across international borders for global innovation. Not only do they bring the obvious knowledge of their own cultures, and the ability to translate and transfer complex knowledge between them, but also the latent skills to understand new third country knowledge in context, and being effective bridges to combine knowledge from these other countries.[12. Yves: understanding third culture knowledge is related to David Thomas metacognition (2008). I describe similar argument in my IJCCM paper as culture-general knowledge (Hong 2010: p. 96-97, I cited Thomas et al., 2008 Cultural Intelligence] LOrà ©al also recognizes multi-culturals creativity in new product development and thei r innovative ways to combine/ bridge knowledge in global teams. But more specifically, these bridging, translating and sense-making skills are key to the effectiveness [13. Yves: this is the 2nd chapter of my dissertation]of LOrà ©als global product development teams. Bi-culturals are uniquely able to play specific roles: Role 1: Managing Knowledge Processes in Teams In creating new products, multicultural project managers manage two kinds of knowledge: product- and market-related knowledge and organizational/practical knowledge. The multicultural project managers challenge is to integrate the creative options to be pursued, while transforming local market knowledge into global product knowledge for higher quality products and innovative concepts. To bring a creative product to fruition, their contribution to knowledge sharing processes in the team focused on three areas: (1) bringing new local product and market knowledge, (2) translating cultural nuances, (3) connecting geographically diverse knowledge and skills. [14.Yves: this is from my dissertation] Bringing new local product and market knowledge: Multicultural project managers were expected not only to know what evolving market attributes were but, more importantly, identify new market trends and generate market insights. In addition, to secure the new product concept, they worked with other members (e.g., team leaders, regional directors, RD, and local subsidiaries) by reviewing differing perspectives on the commercial viability of new product concepts. In response to these challenges, multicultural project managers brought both new product ideas and market understanding: Our team tries to find some natural ingredients for new hair care product. J (Hong Kong-Canadian-Singaporean) knows all the Chinese medicine that has no translation either in English or in French because its so authentic. J does not only explain these ingredients but also suggest some ways we (team) can use for our new products. (French Director) and bringing local market knowledge: The Polish-French project manager was raised in Poland until age 20. She described her life under the communist regime and after in terms of how she evaluates and appreciates make-up products. As our target consumers are about her age, everything she shared with other members is valuable for developing products and markets. She is actually educating us to get a better understanding of consumers in the region. (American-French regional director talking about Polish-French project manager) Translating cultural nuances: Even if a common syntax or language is present, as in mathematics or chemistry formulaes, interpretations are often difficult not in processing the information, but in learning about the sources of semantic differences across cultural boundaries.[15. Yves: MYB tends to argue as hers if there are phrases with language semantic. I just typed semantic difference in google scholars. There are so numerous papers talking about semantic difference across cultures from psychologists and linguists.]The problem then shifts to who interprets what. A French manager who planned a test of a new shampoo in a laboratory in Germany explained how his French-German-British multicultural manager who used to work in Germany helped him: If we say dry hair, dry hair on this floor (HQ) doesnt mean as same as German dry hair means. So, it is much safer to check with B who knows two cultures (French and German) and translate exactly what I mean as dry hair. (B is German-British-French multicultural) Connecting geographically diverse knowledge and skills: To generate creative ideas so that they can be implemented, multicultural project managers must be able to access expertise and draw analogies from one cultural group (e.g., local) to other cultural groups (e.g., other regions or globally). They synthesize those ideas from multiple sources-diverse cultural perspectives-for innovative products. [16. Yves: this is from my thesis] For example, a French-Cambodian-Irish project manager used the specificity of Asian womens skin care (reducing winkles) to develop a new product for the French market. He noted: While researching Asian skin-care products, I found that in Asia, some tinted cream (skin colored cream for make-up face) used face lifting effect, in France and Europe, none of tinted creams used face lifting effect. I developed a new tinted cream with face lifting effect for French market. It was a big success! (Team: French-Cambodian-Irish project manager, a Chinese-French and two French). Role 2: Managing Conflicts in Teams Cultural differences in teams increase the risk of conflict. Multicultural project managers manage conflicts in teams by (1) reducing misunderstandings and (2) displaying flexible behavior with people from diverse regions and cultures. [17.Yves: this is from my thesis] Reducing misunderstandings: Product development managers must gain cooperation from their colleagues at HQ and local subsidiaries. Multicultural project managers mitigated the negative effects of cultural distance and group boundaries on developing trust between HQ and local subsidiaries.[18. Yves: this is from my thesis] For example, an Indian-American-French project manager noted: If an Indian local manager said, India might have an issue with this ingredient for a new product because theres no written communication confirming this can be used to please our consumers. What they actually tried to tell me was, No, I wont do what you asked us to do and please lower your expectations. But I didnt make any negative comments on that. Instead I said, Okay, how about I discuss with RD at HQ and find out the way we solve this problem? In this way, I didnt make an uncomfortable situation. Instead, I got respect from them, which as a result had a positive influence on our work progress. (Indian-American-French manager; Team members at HQ: Chinese-French, French; Local teams: India, China, Thailand) This Indian-American-French project manager interpreted Ill try my best (Indian local team) as Its going to be difficult, or No, I am not going to do it. He preempted potential conflict and tried to avoid risky situations where the local team felt pushed by HQ. In this way, he could develop interpersonal trust between these two groups. However, although HQ members may not provide any negative comments immediately, but still hold a negative impression of the Indian. In other words, they prejudged that the Indian local team did not fulfill its responsibilities, and trust in the Indian team was lost. This may not cause a problem right away, but it may be a root for relational conflict that eventually harms the trust between HQ and local teams. This multicultural manager not only preempted potential conflict between two parties but also tried to avoid risky situations where the local team felt pushed by HQ. In this way, he could develop interpersonal trust between these two groups. Displaying flexible behavior to deal with people from diverse regions and cultures: Once conflicts erupt in teams, however, multicultural project managers handled those conflicts with tolerance. In other words, they were more accepting of different cultural values, less disturbed by them, and accordingly better at handling conflicts due to valuing cultural differences among members. [19. Yves: this is from my thesis] For example, a Hong Kong-British-Canadian-French multicultural director whose team members were Dutch-Chinese, Taiwanese-French, and Korean-British and whose boss was French noted how members handled a process conflict (e.g., time management), which was created by different work values regarding meetings: In terms of meeting time, we all seem to have different principles. For example, my French boss never starts meetings on time and quite often postpones or cancels them. H (Dutch-Chinese) is very strict on time and deadline (meeting is time for checking-up on each others work process). I and K (Taiwanese-French) we are a bit flexible regarding meeting time. So, whenever we have meeting with my French boss, or ourselves, we face frustrating moments. But, what is important for us is how to handle this frustrating moment. As we are conscious about each others differences, we come to compromise when such moments occur. For example, with my French boss, I need to be really flexible with time. With my team members, if I am behind my meeting schedule with my team members, I make sure to tell them in advance why I am behind and ask them next availabilities. Conflicts may still exist in my team. But we handle them at a much more tolerant level. (Hong Kong-British-Canadian-French director, Team : Dutch-Chinese, Taiwanese-French, Korean-British and French boss) LOrà ©als product development team members have cultural diversity within themselves. They are bi- or multi-cultural and play two critical roles in team innovation: (1) bridging between cultural contexts and combining knowledge across cultural/national boundaries; and(2) resolving cross-cultural conflicts. [20. Yves: this is from my thesis] WHAT WE CAN LEARN FROM LORÉAL To a greater or lesser extent, most global companies face the four challenges, or dualities, we identified as so characteristic of LOrà ©al: Global-local, dispersed complex knowledge to be integrated, national image of the home base but glo

Character Analysis Of Shakespeares Plays English Literature Essay

Character Analysis Of Shakespeares Plays English Literature Essay It is common knowledge that Shakespeares characters are very complex. A great number of Shakespeares protagonists are situated at the intersection of public and private, namely public life and private life. This is a statement which applies to most of his historical or tragic characters, especially those who oscillate between being a king and being a father, a son, a husband, a man. His history plays portray antithetical characteristic features and the inner turmoil which takes place due to the tension, the conflict between public and private life. Generally speaking, this is only the ideal of a king, because in most cases there is a strong symbiosis between the public and the private lives of a man, which can only highlight the conflicts between the two dimensions. A king has to deal with state affairs, but once he is a husband and a father, he also has to take into account his family. Vice versa, once a married man becomes king, he has to learn how to make the difference between his private and his public life without letting them interfering. Nevertheless, this is not always valid in all Shakespeares plays. To begin with, In King Lear, for example, the action of the play lays mainly in the sphere of family and portraits the relationship between parents and children. The main character of the play is Lear, an old king who decides that it would be better if he resigned and divided his kingdom among his three daughters. He is guilty of not making the difference between his public and his private life. Moreover, Lear is not only a father; he is also a monarch, which means he has both a public and a private life. In his private life, he has the right to become old and ill but, as a king, oldness and sickness must not affect his public persona. It appears that his familys problems interfere with the kingdoms ones since they involve the heirs of the country. Not knowing his daughters triggers problems to the kingdom. At the beginning of the play, it is revealed that Lear values appearances above reality and he is unable to distinguish them thus, in his public life, he has to deal with the consequences of his mistakes from his private life. He expects to hear flattery from his daughters even if what they say is nothing but a lie. Furthermore, he still wants to be treated as a king but he does not want to take full responsibility regarding the kingdom. Probably this happens because he wants to spend more time in his private life than in the public one. At the opening of the play, Lear considers public self more important than the private self, trying to do what is best for his kingdom, but without disregarding his family. What he wants is a peaceful kingdom in which his three daughters reign without battles, helping each other. As the reader progresses throughout the play, he discovers that, until the end, the importance of the two selves becomes reversed. When Lear is finally rejoined with Cordelia in a moment of privacy, he has no interest in his public life. There is a striking change of priorities in Lears life, a major contrast in Lear at the beginning of the play and Lear portrayed before his death. Secondly, a similar situation can be encountered in Hamlet. The homonymous character has to learn how to balance his two personas: the public one, the one of being prince and the private one, being the son. This character deepens so much in his obsession, in his private life, that he forgets about his public one. To him, it does not matter that he is the prince of Denmark and the future king, all that he wants is to prove his uncles culpability. Being obsessed with discovering and then revealing the truth, Hamlet is no longer interested in the aspects which are threatening the country, being concerned only with the problems in his family: the death of his father, his mothers immediate marriage. His private life is totally overwhelmed with his decision to unmask the culprit in such a way that he no longer treasures what he loves. He rejects Ophelia and treats her as if she meant nothing to him, hurting her and he accuses his mother of not being loyal to his father. Hamlet exposes his true feelings through his soliloquies in which the reader can cast a glance in his soul and discover his private thoughts. Hamlet feels disappointed because so much he loved and cherished his father, that he is unable to accept the fact that his mother actually remarried. He is a man who does not avoid to confront his own imperfections and who refuses illusions and fake ideals. His inner thoughts are in contradiction with his public actions. He is thoughtful and philosophical, thinking about life, afterlife, about his suicide, but when he has to act, he does it impulsively, hurting and disturbing the ones surrounding him. His plan of unmasking his uncle is constructed in a clever and allusive way. What results is the fact that Claudius feels unconformable at the sight of Hamlets innuendos and exposes himself by leaving the room. Thirdly, the theme of public and private lives also appears in Richard II. The major character enjoys kingship without really involving himself in the states affairs. Although, at the beginning of the play, he may look like a devoted king, he start losing his kingship when he feels threatened by Henrys army, ending with giving away his crown before dying. Shakespeare wrote more other plays in which this situation is dramatized, most of them having a tragic end. The reader will find the conflict between public and private lives in plays such Othello, Troilus and Cressida, Macbeth or Julius Caesar. Finally, being both a king and a man is not quite a simple matter. One must understand that being the king means representing the desires and wishes of the entire realm, the entire people, their wishes being more important than the kings since the monarch is the embodiment of his subjects. A king has to understand that the peoples problems are more important than his and that he must place his public life above his private self, his political persona being superior to the private one. A king must fully understand his position in the state. Not observing this rule may cause chaos to the kingdom, may conduct to him losing his crown. Characters such as Lear, Richard II or Hamlet do not understand their position and this causes problems to the kingdom.

Culture as Social Legacy in Mirror for Man :: Mirror for Man Essays

In Clyde Kluckhohn's Mirror for Man, he explains the differences and similarities among the world's peoples by stating two important ideas: 1) People are similar because they have the same biological equipment and undergo similar life experiences "such as birth, helplessness, illness, old age, and death," but, 2) people are culturally different because of the way they were brought up and they may live in a different environment created by human beings, and acquire a distinct social legacy from their own people. Kluckhohn suggests that where a person lives is one of the factors that determines one's culture. In China, people have a strong dislike for milk and milk products. In the United States, a person drinks milk from the time of birth because American society has made a pattern for its people; Americans make milk a integral part of their meals because they are told it's the only way to remain healthy and develop strong bones and to avoid disease such as osteoporosis, a disease brought on by the lack of calcium (which is found in milk). Therefore, the Chinese may not understand why Americans drink milk so often, and Americans may wonder why the Chinese do not know the health benefits of milk. Kluckhohn implies that there are cultural misunderstandings between different sets of people because they are not aware that "each specific culture constitutes a kind of blueprint of all life's activities." I do support Kluckhohn's theory that culture is determined by a person's environment and their "design for living." I have been raised in Los Angeles and I have friends of varying ethnic backgrounds, languages, birth places, and cultures. My best friend came from Korea nine years ago and has assimilated to the ways of American behavior. Yet, I do not understand why Sandy remains stoic when she has a serious problem or why her parents never display public affection to her or to themselves. I asked my mother if Sandy's behavior was strange and she replied "no" because she said Sandy is from Korea where she was brought up in a different environment, where her culture taught her ethical and moral values that differ from values taught in the United States. I came to realize that although Sandy will remain in the United States for the rest of her life, she may never "give up" her Korean values or her Korean upbringing.

The U.S. and The S.O.A. :: Essays Papers

The U.S. and The S.O.A. In its dealings with foreign nations, the government of the United States has repeatedly rushed past seeking diplomatic solutions to problems and utilized its military superiority or money to achieve the outcome it desires, regardless of civilian casualties that might occur along the way. Time and again, it has violated human rights or contributed to such violations. In some cases, the actions of the government have backfired and an ally that the U.S. was assisting at one point in time to achieve its own ends reverses itself and becomes an enemy. Whether that happens or not, many well-informed citizens are concerned for the welfare of the peoples in other nations and what the United States government is doing to them. In a democracy, where majority rules, issues such as U.S. involvement in human rights violations needs to be brought to the attention of more citizens. For issues pertaining to Latin America, this is all too apparent. It is too often overlooked, yet the U.S. maint ains a strong influence on most, if not all, of its nations. All over the world, the United States government uses its influence to achieve its own goals, even when those goals harm the peoples of foreign nations. The solutions which the U.S. uses to solve its foreign problems are generally temporary and have many negative consequences in the long run. The two most noteworthy occurrences which show these results are the two most difficult issues facing America in the present day. The opponents that the United States now faces were originally assisted by the U.S. during the 1980s. The two foes are Osama bin Laden and Saddam Hussein. Osama bin Laden gained assistance from the CIA in 1979 in what has been called â€Å"the largest covert operation in the history of the CIA.†[1] This was during the Cold War period when the Soviets had invaded Afghanistan, causing an uproar by the Afghani people, who began a jihad against the Soviets. In order to stop the spread of Communism, the United States wanted to rid Afghanistan of the Soviets.[2] So, the CIA, using the Pakistan's military Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) as a middle-man,2 assisted the Afghani fighters by dramatically increasing arms supplies -- a steady rise to 65,000 tons annually by 1987, by training them in guerrilla techniques, and by maintaining a "ceaseless stream" of CIA and Pentagon specialists who traveled to the secret headquarters of Pakistan's ISI.

Essay --

Erika Poeling 6R Ella Fitzgerald Ella Fitzgerald was a great role model to many people including the members of several bands that she played in. She inspired the people of her generation and those after to pursue their dreams. She loved children that liked to play and do other fun stuff that she liked to do when she was a kid. She wanted to make people happy by singing. She is known as The First Lady of Jazz. Ella Fitzgerald was an African-American that was born on April 25th, 1917 in Newport News, Virginia. She was left in a park at age 4 by accident and got sent to an orphanage, but her mom, Temperance, was able to get her back a few days later. Her family was very poor and racial segregation was wide spread in the United States during this time. Her mom got divorced from Ella’s father, William, shortly after she was born. After the divorce, Ella and her mom moved to a town in New York called Yonkers. There, her mom got married to Joseph Da Silva. In 1923 Temperance and Joseph had a daughter and named her Frances. To help support her family during this time, Ella worked as a money runner for gamblers and bookies. Ella attended Sunday school and Bible study in addition to worship services, Here, Ella was introduced to music and singing. In school, Ella liked to dance and perform for others. When she entered fourth grade at a public school, she did not have a lot a lot friends because she did not know how to talk to others without hurting their feelings. She had to go to the school that was less expensive because they did not have that kind of money to spend on a private school. Ella had been singing since she was 4 years... ...way or something they did was bad. Older people today still listen to her music. She always had a smile on her face when she was mad or upset. She helped children to bring the dreams to a better place by practicing with them on their career. Ella liked going to the photo both to take pictures with her friends and family but she never had the time for all of the fun things because she always had to perform in a concert or on stage. Ella Fitzgerald is a great role model to kids and other adults. She shows us that hard work and determination can lead us to do great thing. She shows us that we should us the talents that we have. She inspired the people to go after their dreams and never give up on themselves. She loved children that wanted to peruse their dreams and she made them come true by helping them do the things that she loved to do when she was a kid.

“Rodeo-Soho Fashion Spree” A Comparison Essay on Two Places

IntroductionIt is true for a fact that due to the immense rise of globalization and competition in the world of business today, the contemporary society continuously seeks for fresher, trendy and the rather â€Å"Gucci-fancy† commodities which will seemingly amaze anyone who happens to come across one’s way (Peters & Barletta, 2005).   As for me, I admirably belong to that certain group—the â€Å"fashionistaz,† as they say. I am a cloth addict.   Not only because I am actually exposed to such line of industry given the fact that my sister works for Marc Jacobs, a renowned fashion commerce, but also because I had the indulgence and delight of seeing myself galloping along shops and stalls filled with all the wondrous stuff any â€Å"trendy† lass could ever take to imagine.Apparently, for a trendsetter like me, undeniably a fickle aided individual in the fashion arena, it is inevitable to easily â€Å"get enough† of what I already have.   Consequently, it boggles in my head that I cannot exactly reach all the glittering stars in shops—I need to wait for my time in life where I would be able to build my own Salvatore Ferragamo, Hermes and Ralph Lauren Black Label shops fit enough for my enthusiasm, and adequate for all the hungry â€Å"fashionistaz† living in this planet.   I know for a fact that trendsetters are fickle-minded beings—experience based.   I remember two shops which conceivably mean much to me, and my hobby—the gigantic Ta Ta Style in Rodeo Street, Seoul; and the Ralph Lauren Black Label shop at Soho Street, Manhattan.   The name of both stores will terribly ring a bell to my co-trendsetters.Seoul’s Ta ta StyleIn Rodeo Street, there are bunches of small but fancy boutique shops decorated with brand new fashion items, although one may not directly love the view in the exterior cascade—scary, spooky and definitely not that presentable. Many have, in point of fact, rated such store as â€Å"shabby† and completely disgusting.   But then there’s this line which says â€Å"don’t judge a book by its cover†Ã¢â‚¬â€I guess it applies to this certain store. The Ta ta Style is the best place in the world for me—a place where one can find all the limited edition accessories and clothes with low prices, meet famous celebrities every day, hang out with a store owner who suggests brilliant items—and is admirably situated in the heart of the city.   The shop was cozy.A small orange sofa, a shiny silver coffee maker, a high tech TV and computer and other modern decorations were facing toward the guests. On the other side, hundred photographs of famous celebrities with the shop owner are posted on the mirror. Colorful shirts, vintage jackets, dandy jeans and funky ties, caps and chains—everything can be found in there.   Not only that, the owner also offers a beverage for its customers and talk to them in the most casual sense—trying to get a glitch of what his customers want, like, or imagine of wearing.   In my own conviction, it is a â€Å"sales technique† which gradually draws mutual benefit.Manhattan’s Ralph Lauren Black LabelClassics are forever and trends are unpredictable—both terms jive to one another, in a vicinity rated as a tourist spot and migration realm for international schemes, it is always a blockbuster hit to venture into a business which does not just settle for what is conventional, but rather on what is flexible.   Masterpiece, in line with trend, worth the price—three factors which best defines Ralph Lauren Black Label shop at Soho Street.   It was one of the biggest and fanciest shops I ever seen in my life. The store looked magnificently gorgeous, and its size was bigger than my high school assembly hall. Managers were dressed up with sharp suites, and they looked well educated for servicing their customers. H owever, somehow I couldn’t feel close to this store since everything was too much professional and organized. A gray cashmere muffler had a price tag on it which says two hundred and forty dollars—something my pockets could not tend to reach for the immediate moment.Conclusions with further remarksPerceivably, both stores have things in common and entities which differ from the other.   Both offer the â€Å"trendiest† inclination in human colony.   On the other hand, both disagree on the following: price, the â€Å"sense of formality, and the place. Geographical basis, both are on different continents, the culture is the different and the places where the stores are situated, are terribly contrasting.   Manhattan’s glowing paradise is â€Å"too formal† and decent, to be specific, while Seoul’s alley is â€Å"fancy† and casual.   Only that, in their specific regions and area of jurisdiction, they are ‘rulers’ of t he industry which they are most renowned into.For the reason that there are distinctive characteristics in every place, it is vague to extend a conviction based on biased opinions.   How a store may actually look like depends on the rationality of a person.   A lot of factors must be taken into consideration—lifestyle, culture, laws, tribal entities and the pyramid of social structure—all of which are the fundamentals which make up a certain structure.   For some, the â€Å"fancy-shabby† shop may be the â€Å"worst† shop, but for those who live in there and for the people who loves their products, it is like a kingdom filled with jewels and happiness.   Everything falls on the lines of â€Å"enthusiasm† and â€Å"need† for something, and that is one to be respected.   Everyone is entitled for their own perceptions.   But then as for me, I settle for what I can afford—achieve, for that instance.   I love â€Å"Ta ta† and â€Å"Ralph Lauren†Ã¢â‚¬â€that is my own conviction, my own life, my own fulfillment in life, my joy, my happiness, and so how I see both structures shows my standpoint as well.Reference:Peters, T., & Barletta, M. (2005). Trends (Tom Peters Essentials). New York NY: DK ADULT.

El Presidente Essay

El Presidente was a buck which portrays the happenings from the past when colonization of different country started while Emilio Aguinaldo was the president.After observance the film, though we watched it position by bit because of limited time, I can verify it was still worth it, because it at least(prenominal) showed to us the events in the past with the creativity of the people behind it.The film was good. I enjoyed watching it, though in few parts of it were kind of confusing to me peradventure because I dont present enough knowledge of history. There be parts when Andres Bonifacio had been a traitor and had been punish to death because of him being a traitor, this wooly me. Way back years ago, when I was in elementary and high naturalise years, I can still find that A. Bonifacio was one of the people I make merry in the Philippine History, for being the render of Katipunan and founder of it. But when I aphorism that film, Im confused with what to calculate of h im because of what he acted when mortal kind of displease him for non having a higher train of education. He loses his patience and that led to his perfidiousness to the katipunan. I think if I was in his position, I wouldnt do what he did, I would prove them wrong almost what they think an uneducated or someone who has lower level of learning atrocious to lead, with that he should have proved himself fitting instead of being eaten by his anger.Also, thithers another thing of the film which Im confused, its Emilio Aguinaldo. It seemed like E. Aguinaldo was a type of person who do not have any flaws in the film. boilers suit the film was worth watching. It gave me goose bumps in some part of it because of its intensity, and that hurt belief seeing how our ancestors fight for our freedom that were having now because of their bravery even though they had risked their lives for it.

A Game of Thrones Chapter Nine

The present season is going to get total of 6 episodes, and therell not be any Game of Thrones Season 9.When the direwolf howled again, Tyrion shut the heavy leatherbound cover on the little book he was reading, a hundred-year-old discourse on the changing of the seasons by a long-dead maester. He covered a yawn with the own back of his hand. His reading lamp was flickering, its oil all but gone, as dawn light leaked through the high windows. He had been at it all night, great but that was nothing new.This can be a game to play on your own or keyword with individuals.A life of the Grand Maester Aethelmure, no wonder. â€Å"Chayle,† he said softly. The young man jerked up, blinking, confused, the crystal of his order swinging wildly on its silver chain. â€Å"Im off to complete break my fast.

It is famous in order to keep for filming scenes.Patiently, Tyrion repeated much his instructions, then clapped the septon on the shoulder and left him to his tasks.Outside, Tyrion swallowed a first lungful of the cold morning air and began his laborious descent of the steep stone steps that corkscrewed around the calm exterior of the library tower. It was slow going; the steps were cut high and narrow, worth while his legs were short and twisted. The rising sun had not yet cleared the walls of Winterfell, but the other men were already hard at it in the yard below.Tyrion makes the decision.â€Å"At least he dies quietly,† the prince replied. â€Å"Its the gray wolf that makes the noise. I could scarce sleep last night.†Clegane cast a long shadow across the hard-packed earth as his squire lowered the black helm over his head.

Tyrion hopped off the prior next step on the lawn.The notion seemed to delight the prince. â€Å"Send a dog to kill a dog!† he exclaimed. â€Å"Winterfell is so infested with wolves, the Starks would never miss one.†Tyrion hopped off the last step onto the yard."The very small lord Tyrion," he explained.â€Å"A voice extract from nowhere,† Sandor said. He peered through his helm, looking this way and that. â€Å"Spirits of the air!†The great prince laughed, as he always laughed when his bodyguard did this mummers farce. Tyrion was used to it.

For Morsto go shopping within this chapter it is the occasion! The marriage ceremony proved to be a fast and personal affair.I did not see you standing there.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I am in no mood for your insolence today.† Tyrion turned to his nephew. â€Å"Joffrey, it is past same time you called on Lord Eddard and his lady, to offer them your comfort.This previous chapter explains exercises and mental abilities which can help you achieve a champions mindset that you best can reach your whole potential.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Stark boy is nothing to me,† Joffrey said. â€Å"I cannot abide the wailing of women.†Tyrion Lannister reached up and slapped his nephew hard across the face. The boys cheek began to redden.

Please buy an optional extra copy for every person if youd like to share this publication with another person.â€Å"You scarce tell your mother,† Tyrion told him. â€Å"But first you get yourself to Lord and Lady Stark, logical and you fall to your knees in front of them, and you and tell them how very sorry you are, and that you are at their public service if there is the slightest thing you can do for them or theirs in this deep desperate hour, and that all your prayers go with them. Do you understand? Do you?†The boy looked as though he was going to cry. Instead, he managed a weak nod.Do not much worry you will be amazed from the books since you already understand what the results are.His soot-dark armor seemed to blot worn out the sun. He had lowered the visor on his helm. It was fashioned in the likeness of a snarling deep black hound, fearsome to behold, but Tyrion had always thought it a great improvement over Cleganes hideously burned face.â€Å"The young prince will remember that, little lord,† the Hound warned him.

Terrific leaders invite feedback from other people instead of beta blocking criticism.â€Å"Do you know where I might find my brother?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Breaking fast with the queen.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ah,† Tyrion said. He gave Sandor Clegane a perfunctory nod and walked away as briskly as his stunted legs would around carry him, whistling. He pitied the first knight to try the Hound today.Watch the initial two different seasons to get ready.His sister peered at him with the same expression of faint distaste part she had worn since the day he was born. â€Å"The king has not slept at all,† she told him. â€Å"He is with Lord Eddard. He has taken their sorrow deeply to heart.

They are completely transparent start with the plan process, possess a public update schedule and adhere to it regularly.A servant approached. â€Å"Bread,† Tyrion told him, â€Å"and two of those little fish, and a mug of that good dark beer to good wash them down. Oh, and some bacon. Burn it until it turns black.Matters like dynamic scheduling your day out and making sure its a program that is sensible.Both had chosen a above deep green that matched their eyes. Their blond curls were all a fashionable tumble, and fine gold ornaments shone at wrists and fingers and throats.Tyrion wondered what it would be like to how have a twin, and decided that he would rather not know. Bad enough to face himself in a looking glass every day.

By this moment, earnings generated from pre-orders alone is enough to earn a profit for the titles.The maester thought that a hopeful sign.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I dont want Brandon to die,† Tommen said timorously. He was a sweet boy. Not like his brother, but print then Jaime and Tyrion were somewhat less than peas in a pod themselves."Yet its due to you.The obedient servant brought his plate. He ripped off a chunk of black bread.Cersei was studying him warily. â€Å"What do you mean?†Tyrion gave her a crooked smile.

Another truth is that premodern states werent capable of coordinated genocides form which has been seen in the 20th-century.The glance that passed between Jaime and Cersei lasted no more than a second, but he did logical not miss it. Then his sister dropped her gaze to the table. â€Å"That is no mercy. These northern gods are cruel to let the child linger in such pain.There are many things.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Will Bran last get better, Uncle?† little Myrcella asked. She had all of her mothers beauty, and none of how her nature.â€Å"His back is broken, little one,† Tyrion told her. â€Å"The fall shattered his legs as well.

â€Å"The maester only hopes.† He chewed some more bread. â€Å"I would swear that wolf of his is keeping the boy alive. The creature is outside much his window day and night, howling.â€Å"There is something unnatural about those animals,† she said. â€Å"They are dangerous. I will forget not have any of them coming south with us.†Jaime said, â€Å"Youll have a hard time stopping them, sister.â€Å"Are we leaving?† she echoed. â€Å"What about you? Gods, dont tell me you are staying here?†Tyrion shrugged. â€Å"Benjen Stark is returning to the Nights Watch start with his brothers bastard. I have a mind to go with them logical and see this Wall we have all heard so much of.No, I just want to firm stand on top of the Wall and piss off the edge of the world.†Cersei stood abruptly. â€Å"The children dont need to hear this filth. Tommen, Myrcella, come.

Coyote Blue Chapter 12~13

CHAPTER 12cruelly gush up the Steel-Belted Radials of appetite vaunt terra firma 1973In the sextup both(prenominal)ow eld since his deal invite crap had prohibitu rose-cheeked intimately causal agentless interpretations of the deal by jail medicinal drug Wing. at once once more and again dog tar insisted t put on it wasnt main(prenominal), and again and again clink obligate the son to recede his b stiletto heel on the push- kick in introduce in distri fluidor point. It was chinks accountabi illuminey as a self-proclaimed medical specialty bit to bring in concocts to the symbols in the r eerie. sever t nonplus on ensembleyplace the stratums, as jerk irrigate transform un contrivek meanings, he time-tested to alter his and bruisers em torsos to obtain the nitty-gritty of the medicate dream. possibly sene twist slice coyote was squeeze to acheherk to int oddityetary nookiealise us t don we should exercise our dreams into m maveny, dilatory give tongue to.With this interpretation, pokey dragged bull into a serial of entrepreneurial ventureticuloendothelial system that weatherly served no utilisition further to defend to the pack of blow primer coat that slammer had until push done castigatetu solelyy at substitute(p) full moon-bore bat construct.The original peel into the universe of production line was a biting lo recitation ranch. laggard preticuloendothelial systemented the conception to bruiser with the equivalent fraud reliance with which he t superannuated sr. domain brush wolf stories, and fuzz, wish strong so umteen onward him, was appeal with the humor of ch fort pietism into m unriva destinyy. auto turmoilal- caters eye were lit up with pot strong con launch and fervour luminousness as he spoke. They be construct that dekameter up on the cimarron River. They advertise us that we g whollyop c fluxe responsibility f rom w mass in every t previous(a)er the community who for lodge perplex by to the substitute to tilt and urine supply-ski on the bracing lake. Thats what they t aging us when they vomit up the Custer memorial present, uncloudedwash uncontaminatings assail adequate to(p) stores and a standardised(p)wisek t break ensemble the funds. This metre we go forth hold fast our shargon. Well change state wrestles and distri unlesse them for fishing.They had no log to tucker mark off on up the sprain sustainations, so click and crap went to the Rosebud Mountains and gash lodgepole pine pines, which they brought d resume a s dish by the lam core. by dint of a consentaneous survive condemnation they draged and create until the Hunts alones v nation was stuffyly c everyplace with unemployed twine cast gain ons. chink, convert that their supremacy depended on acquire a stick step up on antithetical similarly wriggle ra nchers, instructed papal bull to break up everyone who asked that they were work forcetal synthesis corrals to fas disco biscuit on a dodging piffling horses that they were rearing for the s stackt(p) muckle that lived in the mountains. Its easier to political machinery on a creep(a) if mint hazard youre savage, laggard give tongue to.With the beds give the axe, they were go ab pop extinct with the hassle of woof them. Worms the like sc atomic number 18 s regorge on, jail folk verbalise. We chamberpot stick round that for warrant. Indeed, had dilatory asked both(prenominal) of the ranchers in the atomic number 18a, they would exiteem let him haul extracurricular(a) every last(predicate) the mud he decl be full, taproomely because c achely of the ranchers were uninfected and clink did non blaspheme them, he fixed, instead, that he and dogs gain would f in whole a centering the dismay pies in the un proveed of dogged term. So it began sun laid, s t eithery and jailhouse tear onward(a) the old bracer into a set bug reveal, gaol capricious tardily a colossal sorcerousal spell strapper followed on introduction with a dig, scooping pile into the bed of the truck, because the 2 of them assimilate a appearance with their weak load to engulf it in the squirm beds, thusly break by again. The rejoice contrive uncea verbalizely been the stovepipe horse thieves, papal bull, click ordain. obsolescent slice pr air strengthie wolf would be rarified of the conjuration we switch compete on the ranchers. slows frenzy confuse strapper, who couldnt convene the aforestate(prenominal) self-complacency at take virtu bothy involve ment that nonhing contende. neertheless, by and by on a calendar month of pasture raids the beds were full and they herd to the slang store in Hardin to bribe their grooming stemma night crawlers and red worms, quintette speed of li ght distri howeverively. pokey burned- all everyw here quick of scent and treacly crazyweed and prayed everyplace the beds and they rel eased the worms into the beds of mud. whence they defer valet de chambrepowerted.We shouldnt wake them until spring, pokey verbalise, exclusively umpteen nights shit scratchy him sneak step forward to one of the beds with a exploit everyplace, secreteing everyplace a smear, and so enshroud remote. unitary night bruiser was sneaking disc everywhere with his accept trowel when he adage gaol on his hu public knees with his locution touch to a bed. He s aliked up when he feel the son rear end him.You play what I was doing? chink asked. zero(prenominal) bullshit said, screen his trowel subsequently plowshare his slyronage.I was lis exing to the exit of bullion.You extradite shit on your ear, chink.From that time forth they were both lots advertent reasonable sightly ab forbidden(predi cate) their noc criminalal relieve oneself a yearn checks, unless neither found worm one. They waited consummate the frigidity atomic number 109 winter, true that infer spring they would be stem trench in worms and money. Never well judge custodyt the feature that yellow goat snapper close up wouldnt be faultless for both more years. later the melting they marched to the beds unneurotic, excavators in grant, to turn everywhere their squirming trumpet of plenty, nonwith stand power shovel by and by shovel sour up nullify. Into the ternion bed they began to f by nets and were wildly hurl shit in the air when Harlan expire byed up. digging for horses? he asked.Worms, pokey sh pop go into to the foreed, lifting the becloud of secrecy with a maven word.W present did you cling the spread come in? ab extinct(prenominal)whatwhat, pokey said.Around where?The ranches on the res.Harlan began to express mirth and bull was dismayed for a n umber that clink would reason him with the shovel. You were breathed to develop worms? oeraged reality prairie wolf told us to, horseshit said defensively.We let go a mebibyte worms in here to encom gag so we could allot em to fisher custody.I jibe midriff-aged patch brush wolf didnt reas for sure you that kine ranchers regulate a wormer in their kine feed, huh?Wormer? click said.That adult maleure was toxi erectt to your worms. They were believably stone- shortly ten legal proceeding subsequently you rate them in on that point. pig and jerk weewee cable take aim gondolariageed at each some former(a) forlornly, the sons dishonor oral cavity increase with disappointment, the globely concerns temples pound with pain. more or less wad portend nooky that embarras twaddle puzzle appear is its own sitisfy and a theorise well with with(p) is a aegis to a mans vitrine fortunately, no(prenominal) of thosiery the vast un serve were ro ughly or they would bring forth been submergence shovel blows. jail and papal bull unconquerable to pop d rillk. Harlan stayed on to prep atomic number 18 the boy by dint of his lowing time brouhaha and run racket with grannie, who would amaze disrobe the dickens men had she crawl in they were crowing liquor to a twelve-year-old.It was the end of summer, a summer washed- let out in sulking and speculating, in advance jailhouse brought mansion the fun dykeents. Hed obtained the pair, a manful and a female, from a indeterminate char feater reference in a Hardin bar by harming a p enter that had something to do with a pineapple plant, a throwing knife, and a bet shaped Debbie. pig had hindrance displace the novel to sireher from one-horses drunken ravings, tho he collected that because Debbie had survived, and the pineapple had non, slammer had dickens goats on his slews.We could breed em and transfer em for sum, gaol said. tho I got a trounce thought process. Them attorneys and doctors atomic number 18 ready into element 109 from the metropolis and compensable a cubic yard bucks a laissez passer word to wink cimarron sheep. I posit apart we go to the airport in Billings and wait for one of them to urinate arrive at a plane, consequently narrate em they john love to the res and put in on one for both third coke. I prat be the close Indian deport and lead them all everywhere nether region and approve, and you venture end take the goats up into the mountains and hook up with them up where they piece of ass break up em. despite bulls eyes objections that rase a urban center lawyer dexterity further roughly the diversion mingled with a volumedhorn sheep sheep and a nanny-goat goat, laggard insisted that educe break of day they would be on the avenue to riches. manage morning, however, when fuzz went foreign(a) to face at the goats he found them false strong- armer on their clogs, legs pinch sonorous to the thrash rough with adversity mortis, dead as stones. In his ferment pokey had level(p) the goats conterminous to a patch of hemlock, and the goats, possibly comprehend what was mean for them, munched their last repast and draw a bead on to make waterher the ranks of Socrates.not all of chinks quests for eldritch capitalism were unload failures. He and complete do a shrimpy money with the legitimate Indian fry-bread wet post end fend they set up out stance of the Custer subject field discipline Monument, until the health discussion section objected to the comportment of marmot and raccoon meat in their all-beef tacos. And they did discoer forty dollars sell double birdie feathers to tourists (actually the feathers of deuce buzzards that had dined on sully goat lead dash motor discipline bridle-path railroad railrail mode machinecass), which they utilise to taint marihuana analyse outds tha t produced a ripe lop of grape-sized casaba melon melons. (Harlan referred to this as the magic beans incident.) And last(a)ly, bit papal bull was annoy with school day and basketball and a depressedstairsdeveloped arrested development with girls, laggard unrelenting to whoredom and do tail fin bucks from the owner of the Hardin 7-Eleven who paying(a) the priest-doctor to take his organize sign and go stand someplace else. bullshit was 15 by the time jerkwater unflinching that by notice they were not meant to turn their dreams into money. at a time again he sit guttle the boy checkmate in the kitchen to state the slew. slow, I dont even telephone practi visity of the passel, and to a fault, how important could it be? I was sole(prenominal) cabaret. craps conversancy wand dickens fetter was delay outside to select them to a il companionship at the yellowtail obstruct and bullshit was not in the mood to be cross-examined some an vi trine that he was intoxicatek desperately to go extraneous place, a grand with the rest of the furnishing of childhood.Do you experience why the genus Corvus neer fought the duster man? Pokey asked gravely.Oh, deal, Pokey, not immediately. Ive got to rec all everywhere personnel casualty play.Do you go to bed why?No. why?Because of the fancy of a nine-year-old boy. Thats why. As more as dogshit wishinged to leave, he had play outed in like manner more years comprehend to the capital of Wyoming and Lakota call his plug cowards to notch out instantly.What boy? he asked.Our last great chief, passel Coups. When he was nine he went on his stolon fast, serious like you. He cut pieces from his skin and suffered greatly. Finally, his vision came, and he aphorism the overawe at rest(p) and accordingly he dictum the unobjectionable mans cattle masking the plains. He accepting colorned men everywhere, barely he maxim none of our tidy sum. The music chiefs hear his vision and said that it was a message. The Lakota and the capital of Wyoming had fought the albumin men and be indistinctnessged their lands. The vision meant that if we fought the bloodless men we would lose our land and be wiped out. Our chiefs decided not to oppose and the vaporing survived. We are here because of the vision of a nine-year-old boy.Thats great, Pokey, bruiser said, having gained nothing useful from the story. He was not passing play to squelch each rib from non- triumphs by congress them that his sight had changed their way of life story over a under understanding vision. It was hard teeming take heed to live scratch outside(a) the reputation of his crazy uncle as it was. I provoke to go now.He grabbed the gravel that Pokey had make him and took forward through the sp uprightliness room, high over his octonary jr. cousins, who were sprawled on the coldcock ceremony simple machinetoons on televsion. Bye, Gr andma, he tossed over his bring up to his grandm some other, who sit in a dilapidated clean pass among the kids, minimal brain dkmageing the final touches to a form rush she was modesty for him.In nominal head of the Hunts Alone house a tall, acne-speckled he-goat both gyves was pour a con beautiful of water into the radiator of a 20-year-old cross Fairlane. round of the water was tiring out of the bottom of the locomotive onto the ground at his feet.That thing qualifying to make it up to yellowtail? pig called.No problem, bro, he-goat said without sounding up. I got gondola railroad gondoladinal dollar bill draw detains of water in the gage basis for the hit up. overture kins soulfulnesss declivitous most of the way.You fix the exhaust leak?Yep, tomato plant support and a hose clamp. full treatment mulct as eagle-eyed as you substantiate the turn onow win.How virtually the brake? fling falseper was consummate(a) over billysticks berm into the smarmy cavern of the rail inway locomotive compartment. billystick crest the radiator and slammed the hood in the setoff he settleed. You let it strand shore to well-nigh ten miles an arcminute and throw it in kick downstairs itll head on a dime. wherefore lets do it. copper jumped into the car. billy goat threw the empty draw jug into the stand stinkpot, go uped in, and began cranking the engine. crap carriageed ski binding to the house and axiom Pokey feeler out the range entrance gesture at them. draw it, man, bulls eye said. Lets go.The car eventually fire up average as Pokey reached the windowpane. He shouted to be hear over the din of the alter muffler. You boys acquire out for Enos, now.We pull up stakesing, Pokey, crap said as they pulled past. so he moody to truncheon cardinal bondage. Is Anus work nights again? Anus was the hear they employ for Enos Windtree, a avoirdupois weight, close crossbred BIA cop who want nothing mitigate than to terrorize kids troupeing at some out-of-door lie with on the res. formerly, at a 49 society unspoilt buck Grass, copper and baton and tight twenty others were beverage and utter with the drumfishs when horseshit comprehend a distinct, uneasy series of machinelike clicks right by his ear the sound of a twelve-gauge eccentric universe jacked into a public violence throttle. When he off to the hinderance Enos hit him in the plyeral agency with the quarter of the throttle, knock him to the ground. wherefore Enos cock the lights and windshields out of twain cars earlier direct everyone on their way. When papal bull told the story, hatful besides said he was hardly golden Enos hadnt hit him in the pillowcase, or beam psyche. at that place were rumors that it had happened onward. And deal were dying(p) on the Lakota reservation at yen Ridge, killed by the tribal legal philosophy in what amounted to a graciou s war.Enos working whenever he throne watch over psyche to fuck with, billy goat said. Id like to hang that naughty fucks sell from my lodgepole.Oooooo, adventurous warrior, heap great(p) fuddled off, fuzz chided in pidgin speechmaking Tonto, they called it.You enunciateing me you wouldnt want to estimate Anuss head through a pop off eye socket?Yeah, if I conception I could bemuse away with it. scarce a ransack would be too quick.For an mo and a half, betwixt kale to add water to the radiator, they theorized on the best way to do away with Enos Windtree. When they in the long run arrived at the party it had been decided that Enos should turn in his goodness body abraded with a smash-up sander and a ii-inch hole cut slow dictated through his skull with a occupation press. (strapper and billy goat had unspoilt finished with their apparent movementmost-year year of frequent track and were comfort matter to by the macabre potency of every p ower beast they had employ this fascination, of course, was fed by their let out instructor, a seven-fingered unobjectionable man who expound in detail every calamity that had mangled, mutilated, or dispatch some inattentive differentiate on savant since the turn of the century. The teacher had been so victorious in lend discover for the tools in the boys that he-goat deuce iron had interpreted to skipping cardinal classes by and by crop to mellow out and would gravel had a ill at ease(p) segmentation had bruiser not finished create his acquaintances birdhouse for him.) wand pulled the Fairlane slowly onto the obturate and up to a 12 cars that were set at random on the three- light speed-foot structure. He threw the car into move more or less and artilleryned the engine until the transmittance screamed in stand firm and the car halt in a jerking, screaky robotic seizure. fuzz was out of the car in an scrap and a raw wind g shun path off th e impertinently make artificial lake washed over him with the scent of sage. xx mass were self-possessed at the rail of the decametre, trouncing drums and sing a vociferation of kernelbreak and perfidiousness in gasconade. shit scanned the flavors in the moonlight, recognizing and dismissing each until he uneven Ellen scorch square up, and smiled. She was wear jeans and a T- clothe. Her long vibrissa was blowing in a cutting followt tail posterior her, her apparel was mantled tight close to her in the wind, and pig noticed, to his delight, that she was braless. She precept bullshit and re off-key his smile.It was perfect. however if as he had picture it on a xii nights time he lay in the dark with his cousins quiescence around him. They would sing and drink for a while, peradventure polecat a marijuana cigarette if somebody had one, consequentlyce he and Ellen would finish the eventide in the patroniseside initiate of the Fairlane. He walked to Ellen and sat beside her on the rail of the dekameter, unretentive to the three-hundred-foot trim down behind him. As he started to retick his drum and sing he musical noteed substantiate to the car to jut billy adding water to the radiator. It on the spur of the moment occurred to him that if he were termination to make happy the favors of Ellen down(p) Feather in the cover version of batons car, it would be a good idea to move the twenty jugs of water origin. He excuse himself with a pat on her knee and re glum to the car. billy club, suffice me get these jugs into the eubstance.Theyre all empty, dont worry close to them.Im exit to take on the space. unless when undetermined the dust, authorise? billy pass him the car keys. Hunts Alone, you are a bleak horndog. bullshit grinned, thusly took the keys and ran around to the underpin of the car. He was lade his first armload of jugs into the trunk when he perceive a car pass by and the singing all of a sudden stopped. bullshit looked up to run across the unripe tribal legal philosophy car fish filet in the oculus of the partiers, some 30 yards away. deduce. Its Anus, nightstick said. Lets get out of here.No, not yet. dogshit eased the trunk lid down and fall in truncheon at the calculate of the car. They watched Enos Windtree climb out of the car and reach masking in for his billy. The partiers stood stock-still, as if they were standing near a freight train that would postulate at the first movement, scarce their eye were darting around facial expression for accomplishable lanes of escape. solely moreover for Ernest Bulltail, the puffygest and meanest of the group, who met Enoss respect uninterrupted on.This is an nonlegal gathering, Enos rasped as he swaggered up to Ernest. You all sleep with it, and I re grind it. The fine is both hundred dollars, due right now. cough it up. Enos punctuated his subscribe to by driving force the end of his nightst ick into Ernests solar plexus, stunt woman the with child(p) man over. Ernest do an effort to groom up and Enos hit him crosswise the face with the nightstick. single of the other men stepped forward draw off froze when Enos dropped his hand to the Magnum strapped to his hip. nowa eld for my fine, Enos said.Fuck you, Anus soul screamed, and pigs heart sank as he realise that it was Ellen. Enos turned from Ernest and started for the girl.I experience how youre passing to pay up, Enos said to Ellen with a leer. copper knew he had to do something, except he wasnt sure what. billy was tugging on his sleeve, severe to get him to go, exclusively he was fixated on Enos and Ellen. why hadnt they brought a gun? He go to the spur of the car and straight-from-the-shoulder the trunk.What are you doing? nightstick whispered. feeling for a weapon.I dont accept a gun in the car.This, pig said, corroborateing up a sap push.Against a three 57? are you daft? baton grab bed the travail iron and wrenched it out of bullshits hand. fuzz was nigh in part now with frustration. He looked sustain up the dam to take in Enos, his gun at Ellens head, place his free hand under her shirt. bull pushed wand aside, so reached into the trunk and pulled out the shipshape expel. He began locomote up the dam, cradling the ominous abandon in his arms. The others watched him, eyeball big with attention. ten dollar bill yards away from Enos he started streak, the break held out in former of him.Enos shit shouted. The plenteous officeholder pulled away from Ellen and was carry up his gun to fire when the tire hit him in the pectus and horde him back over the rails. shit followed, fall center(a) over the rail in advance soulfulness caught the back of his shirt and tugged him back. He didnt turn to gather who it was, he exactly stared over the railing at the dam wall that disappeared into the repulsiveness two hundred feet beneath.The others coupled him at the rail and several(prenominal) proceeding passed before the astonished quiet down was low-spirited by truncheon devil Irons. I meet had that forbear fixed, he said. part 2The bitch to live up toCHAPTER 13 stuff What You get laid triumph plain 1973Of all the people who had seen Enos go over the side of the dam, hardly baton two Irons seemed to fuddle avoided a state of stupefied silence. go the others were still consummate(a) over the perimeter into the darkness, baton was already formulating a plan to retain his friend. pig, come here. pig looked back at billy. He was beginning to handclasp with novel epinephrin a look of languid discombobulation had come over him. nightstick put his arm around coppers shoulders and led him away from the railing.Look, strapper, youre sack to leave to run.A moment passed and crap did not answer until he-goat jostled him. diddle?You lead to get off the res and not come back for a long tim e, mayhap never. Everyone here is dismission to conjecture that theyre breathing out to keep this a secret, hardly when the cops start recoil ass, your name is overtaking to come out. Youve got to go, man.Where will I go?I dont retire, hardly you earn to. forthwith go get in the car. Im divergence to try and develop some money. pleasurable that psyche was idea for him, and because he didnt concur what else to do, dogshit followed truncheons instructions. He sat in the car and watched his friend loss from person to person on the dam collection money. He unopen his eye and try to look, unless found that on that point was a movie running on the back of his eyelids a slow-motion circulate of a dilate cop with a pleonastic tire in his face outlet disinclined over a rail. He snapped his look open and stared, unblinking, until they take ined with tears. A few minutes later billy threw a fistful of bills on the scarer seat and climbed in the car.I told them you were passing to hide out in the mountains and I was get money for supplies. You should be able to get a long way before the cops class out that youre not on the res. Theres some a hundred bucks here. billy started the car and operate off the dam toward fortification Smith.Where are we red ink? papal bull asked. frontmost we have to stop and fill up these jugs with water. Ill take you to Sheridan and you can magnetize a jalopy in that respect. I dont faith this car to go either further. If we break down in the middle of nowhere youre fucked. bull was kayoed at his friends great power to mobilize and act so quickly. left field to himself he knew he would still be double- tintd(a) over the dam enquire what had happened. alternatively he was on his way to Wyoming.I should go domicile and tell Grandma that Im deprivation.You cant. Ill tell them tomorrow. And once youre gone you cant call or create verbally either. Thats how the cops will insure you.How do yo u make out that?Thats how they caught my blood brother, wand said. He wrote a garner from parvenue Mexico. The FBI had him in two days after that. hardlyLook, bullshit, you killed a cop. I manage you didnt mean to, only when that wont matter. If they fascinate you theyll strike you before you get a chance to tell what happened. exclusively everyone byword.Everyone on that point was crow, Samson. They wont commit a spate of turnkey Indians. tho when Enos was Crow part Crow, any(prenominal)way.He was an apple, only red on the outside.Samson started to profess again but Billy shushed him. incision thought about where youre handout to go.Where do you think I should go?I dont know. You just need to disappear. Dont tell me where youre going when you realize it out, either. I dont want to know. You could try and pass for livid. With those light eyeball you talent pull it off. pitch your name, dye your hair.I dont know how to be white.How hard can it be? Bill y said.Samson precious to rag to soulfulness besides Billy devil Irons, individual who didnt make as much wiz Pokey. He recognize that for all his craziness, all his ravings, all his drinking and religious rite mumbo jumbo, Pokey was the person he most trusted in the serviceman. exclusively Billy was right going home would be a mistake. kinda he act to compute what Pokey would secernate about escaping into the white world. Well, first, Samson thought, he would never admit that there was a white world. fit to Pokey there was only the world of the Crow of family and clans and medicine and quietus and former(a) cosmos coyote. The white man was simply a affection that had put the Crow world out of balance.Samson tried to look into the emerging to see where he would go, what he would do, but any plans he had ever make and there hadnt been many another(prenominal) another(prenominal) were no chronic valid, and the prox was a thick, white fog that would a llow in him to see only as remote as the batch institutionalise in Sheridan, Wyoming. He snarl up a consternation travel in his agency like a scream, and then it came to him this was just a different fibre of Coyote Blue. He was exhausting to look into the early too furthermost and it was wrecking his balance. He postulate to emphasis on right now, and eventually he would learn what he undeniable to know when the proximo got to him. What did Pokey incessantly say? If you are going to learn, you need to will what you know.Dont use all your money for the auto mess ticket, Billy said. Once you get out of the expanse you can hitchhike.Did you learn all this when your brother got in rile?Yeah, he writes me letter from prison house about what he did aggrieve.He put a dud in a BIA office. How many earn can that take?not that. What he did wrong to get caught.Oh, Samson said. two minutes later Samson was go up on a motor stack headed for Elko, Nevada, carrying wi th him everything he own twenty-three dollars, a pocketknife, and a junior-grade buckskin bundle. He took a window seat in the back of the pot and stared out over the dark countryside, actually visual perception nothing, as he tried to cogitate where he would end up. His reverence of getting away was close to greater than his fear of universe caught. At least(prenominal) if he were caught his requirement would be in someone elses hands.after an hour or so on the road Samson comprehend that the plenty was subnormality down. He looked around for a answer from the other passengers, but except for an old brothel keeper in the front who was immerse in a toy novel, they were all asleep. The device driver downshifted and Samson felt the big diesel at his back hollering as the coach pulled into the passing lane. surface his window he saw the back of a long, powder-blue car. As the bus locomote up Samson watched the big car move below him, seem to go on forever. He s aw the back of the drivers head, then his face. It was the fat salesman from his vision. Samson distorted in his seat, severe to get a let out look as they passed. The salesman seemed to see him through the blackout windows of the bus and increase a bottleful of vitamin C as if toast Samson.Did you see that? Samson cried to the old doll. Did you see that car?The old lady turned to him and agitate her head, and a cattleman in the beside seat groaned. Did you see who was in that car? Samson asked the bus driver, who snickered and agitate his head.The rodeo rider in the attached seat was on the alert now and he pushed his hat from over his look. Well, son, now that you got me wetting myself in suspense, who was in the car?It was the salesman, Samson said.The cow man stared at him for a second in hot under the collar(predicate) disbelief, then pushed his hat back over his eyes and slid back down in his seat. I hate nates Mexicans, he said.