Whats Truly Happening with How to Write an Argumentative Essay Samples

What's Truly Happening with How to Write an Argumentative Essay Samples The War Against How to Write an Argumentative Essay Samples Each of your paragraphs should begin with a claim. Bear in mind that the period of your essay is dependent upon the assignment offered to you. It is essential that the thesis statement ought to be slimmed down so as to adhere to the guidelines of the given writing exercise. A great thesis statement will market your position and ought to be the last sentence of the introductory paragraph. Without regard to the quantity or kind of research involved, argumentative essays must set a very clear thesis and follow sound reasoning. Any introduction should start with a hook. Although there are various variations of an argumentative essay, but all of them share the exact foundation. If you take a look at the examples of argumentative essays written by other students, you will observe that the introduction doesn't adhere to a strict pattern. Where to F ind How to Write an Argumentative Essay Samples It is possible to devote 1 paragraph to every sub-argument or researched source. If you've got more information to share, you might include as many as five body paragraphs. An argumentative essay example will reveal the should possess some very important components which make it better in the practice of convincing. Any fantastic task finishes with a terrific conclusion and the very best examples of the argumentative essay will arrive in with a conclusion which has an overview of all of the points together with a gist of the evidences provided. Whether it's an argumentative or expository essay that you're writing, it is crucial to develop a clear thesis statement and a crystal clear sound reasoning. Above all, a fantastic thesis statement produces a statement. A standard essay outline usually is composed of 5 sections. Now you have a fundamental grasp of an argumentative essay definition, it is the right time to understand how to compose an argument paper. It isn't necessary that you must compose a whole paragraph as the hook of your essay. Sure, writing a really compelling hook isn't always simple, but since an argumentative essay usually argues a particular perspective (one of many), it ought not be too hard. To help you make a productive essay outline here are tips that will be able to help you. The Benefits of How to Write an Argumentative Essay Samples Bear in mind that you are going to remain polite and reasonable. In some instances, an outline could possibly be indeed excessive. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. An argumentative essay doesn't have to be a huge headache or a project so overwhelming you don't even understand where to get started. The Chronicles of How to Write an Argumentative Essay Samples You might also see concept essays. Your thesis ought to be in the very first paragraph of your essay. An argumentative essay is a certain kind of academic writing. It is one of the most difficult papers you can create. It is one of the many academic essay types. Every argumentative essay ought to depend on a topic which can be debated. A History of How to Write an Argumentative Essay Samples Refuted There are 3 different kinds of arguments that you could use in your essay. To the contrary, expository essays are somewhat more inclined to be tested for in-class exercises and quizzes. In any case, the success of an argumentative essay also is based on the evidence you pick. Normally, conclusion length is all about 11% of essay. How to Choose How to Write an Argumentative Essay Samples Essays from bookrags offer great tips for my very best friend buy and print the my very best friend student essay view a totally free sample. You may examine the further information on how best to compose an eye-catching essay introduction with a hook. It's crucially important to completely enga ge yourself in this issue you will write. In situations when you get to select the topic for an argumentative essay, you need to be wise and locate a title that will intrigue a reader. Things You Should Know About How to Write an Argumentative Essay Samples There's, obviously, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. You basically say that something is a problem and that which you think ought to be done about it. There are instances when even the most informative articles aren't sufficient to fix all academic difficulties. In the event the topic of your essay is quite controversial, take your time to get familiar with different positions on the discussed matter. Irrespective of which position you take, it's important to consider educated arguments for the opposite positions so you can clearly persuade them to find the validity of your arg ument. Regardless of the popular myth, a decent argumentative essay is more than simply attempting to show your point with a couple arguments. One of the most vital elements of an argument essay is to ponder and present either side of the problem and undertake a comprehensive evaluation of each. In addition, it's necessary for a student to know various sides of an argument. Argumentative essay is a kind of written assignment where you're predicted to provide your opinion on a particular matter and supply evidence that supports your opinion. Besides, do not forget that the secret to a thriving argumentative essay is in finding appropriate evidence to strengthen your opinion. The author is needed to investigate a problem, select a side and find strong evidence to demonstrate his claim in a logical method. To begin with, he should take care of the outline. Select a topic which you already know something about and one which you already have an opinion about. For the time bein g, just give them a notion of you will chat about later. You're going to need to choose a topic first, but your topic ought to be something that has two conflicting points or unique conclusions. After you have selected your subject, you must provide appreciable thought to developing your claim. Life After How to Write an Argumentative Essay Samples Possibly, it's accommodating to think of an essay in conditions of a conversation or debate with another party. While arguing with several opinions, you've lost the focus. The most typical manner is the Classical strategy. The art of argumentation might not be as effortless as it might seem.

Analysis Of Geoffrey Chaucer s Canterbury Tales Essay

Most people have experienced an event in their lifetime that has caused them to develop trust issues, and many of which will never overcome this lack of trust in others. There is a specific reason for this, and it all begins with the issue at hand itself, trust. Everyone with trust issues has been wronged and used relating to their trust in another person. They were betrayed by someone they never imagined could hurt them. As a recent song created by the rock group Phish has reverberated, â€Å"Each betrayal begins with trust.† Betrayal has been a common theme in all forms of literature since time began and is a part of being a social being, humans, that we simply cannot avoid. Where there is a relay of trust, there is an individual willing to extort it. Just as though some individuals will exploit power wherever they can find it in order to better themselves, others will exploit trust to better themselves. This first exploit of trust can be found within Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales. While the whole entire work exposes corruptions within the Catholic Church during Chaucer’s time, the breaking of trust is actually demonstrated within the Pardoner’s Prologue and Tale. At the end of the Pardoner’s tale, he offers the pilgrimage relics, for a fee of course. However, at the prologue of the Pardoner’s tale, the Pardoner himself has explained how the Catholic Church and other fellow pardoners and church officials sell relics which are no more than normal items given with aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Geoffrey Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales 1697 Words   |  7 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer Thinking of Geoffrey Chaucer one may only consider him as the author of The Canterbury Tales but like most authors they are not only their best works. Unfortunately for most late poets and authors their history isn’t much known, it is usually not documented in general. Yet fortunately for Chaucer he has worked for people who do get their history written about which makes his past a little more well known than other poets of his time. So of course with this there are biographiesRead MoreChaucer s Candide And Shakespeare s Macbeth1317 Words   |  6 Pagessociety in which the author lived such as Voltaire’s’ Candide and Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Geoffrey Chaucer, famous for his The Canterbury Tales, and considered instrumental in the creation of English literature, is not as well known for social commentary in his writing. However, The Canterbury Tales do indeed possess insight and analysis of society, namely the role of the authority figures in the Churc h. Chaucer was critical of the abuses and misuses he saw in the authority within the Church. He demonstratedRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath s Prologue1134 Words   |  5 Pagesdirectly omitting what the male gender was trying to say and therefore is saying that women are better since they can take something already written and rewrite it to better people’s needs. Chaucer goes on to illuminate The Wife of Bath’s argument of female authority through â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale.† Throughout the tale, a woman ultimately decides the outcome of a knight destined for death. When a knight is accused of raping a woman, the king is supposed to determine his fate and the consequences he wouldRead MoreAn Analysis Of Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales 2650 Words   |  11 PagesAn Analysis of Chaucer’s Miller in The Canterbury Tales In the prologue to The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer introduces the Miller as a crude, rude, loud character who cheats his customers. The tale, which the Miller later narrates, is appropriate because the Miller’s tale clearly reflects this individual’s unrefined personality by telling a typical, filthy tavern story. The Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer, is a story that details thirty pilgrims, including Chaucer, traveling onRead MoreAnalysis Of The Canterbury Tales : Chaucer s Second Nun s Tale 2418 Words   |  10 Pages AN ANALYSIS OF THE CANTERBURY TALES: Chaucer’s â€Å"Second Nun’s Tale†. Leah Holle REL. 700a: Transitional Moments in Western Christianity 1 November 5th, 2014 Geoffrey Chaucer was a prominent figure within English Literature during the Middle Ages, and is regarded as one of the greatest English poets. Among Chaucer’s works, The Canterbury Tales is arguably one of his most famous pieces. In this fictional work, there is a collection of over 20 stories that areRead More Contradictions in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Essay3897 Words   |  16 PagesContradictions in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales There is no question that contradictory values make up a major component of The Canterbury Tales. Fate vs. Fortuna, knowledge vs. experience and love vs. hate all embody Chaucers famous work. These contrasting themes are an integral part of the complexity and sophistication of the book, as they provide for an ironic dichotomy to the creative plot development and undermine the superficial assumptions that might be made. The combination of completelyRead More Canterbury Tales Morality Paper1070 Words   |  5 PagesEternal Bliss or Life Amiss?: Analysis of Theme in Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales The Christian Church has been a driving force in politics and morals for hundreds of years. In the medieval time period in Europe, the Church was particularly strong, a majority of the European peoples and rulers were followers. The set of moral codes and virtues the Church sets forth dictates how each person should live. Provided that one follows these morals, the Church guarantees every follower a placeRead MoreRole Of Women During The United States1082 Words   |  5 PagesStephanie Vissering British Literature 1 Professor Stanley September 27, 2014 Critical Analysis Essay: Role of Women The role of women in the United States has changed dramatically in the last couple of decades. For one, women have taken on responsibilities outside the home, such as joining the paid workforce. While women made up only about one third of the workforce in 1969, women today make up half of the paid workers in the US. Women are also stepping up to lead the country as well as makingRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - Women in The Wife of Bath1433 Words   |  6 PagesWomen in Chaucers The Wife of Bath Chaucers The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale is a medieval legend that paints a portrait of strong women finding love and themselves in the direst of situations. It is presented to the modern day reader as an early tale of feminism showcasing the ways a female character gains power within a repressive, patriarchal society. Underneath the simplistic plot of female empowerment lies an underbelly of anti-feminism. Sometimes this is presented blatantlyRead MoreThe Metrics Of English Literature4721 Words   |  19 Pagesyears of linguistics and literature experience will analyse several texts that belong to different stages of the English language and compare their ideas. Why may you ask? To discuss the points of comparison between linguistics and the aesthetic analysis of English literature and discover the underlying oral similarities of our language Sylvia Miller is renowned for her understanding and interpretation of the aesthetic aspects of English literature throughout the periods Old English to the Modern

Classification Of Law And Law - 912 Words

Classifications of Law Everything that a person does is governed by a set of rules that are followed. There are rules for sports, the workplace, and games. There are also rules imposed by morality and custom that play an important role in telling people what is right and what is wrong. However, some rules impose are called laws. In this paper analysis, the classifications of laws will be discussed and how it relates to the biblical concept of justice. The classifications of laws include: public versus private law, criminal versus civil law, substantive versus procedural law, common versus statutory law, and law versus equity. Laws are rules, that are made by the state or courts, that are designed to control or alter a person’s behavior. Unlike rules of morality, laws are enforced by the courts; if a law is broken, the person who broke the law may have to pay a fine, pay damages, or go to prison. If people did not live in a structured society with others, laws probably would no t be necessary. People would just do as they please, with no regards to anyone’s feelings. But ever since individuals began to associate with people, laws have been implemented to keep personal property and people lives safe. Public Versus Private Law According to Harvard Law Review, private laws govern relationships between individuals, such as agreements and the law of obligations (Pound, 1924). Private Law is also known as â€Å"common law† which includes agreements made between governments and peopleShow MoreRelatedNature, Function and Classification of Law2917 Words   |  12 PagesFUNCTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF LAW Objectives of the course:†¢ Enable the students to think in a more abstract or general fashion than is generally achieved in the study of specific areas of law and demonstrate the same in answering questions. †¢ Enable the student to develop the willingness to question and think independently and to find out more in the study of law. †¢ Discuss critically the definition of law †¢ Explain the various scholars position on their attempt to define the meaning of law †¢ DistinguishRead MoreClassification Of Law : Legal Method2809 Words   |  12 Pages Classification of law Reg no.: 14B152 Subject: legal method ACKNOWLEDGEMENT EVENTUALLY, I WOULD LIKE TO THANK MY RESPECTED LEGAL METHOD PROFESSOR NIDHI BUCH MAM FOR PROVIDING ME SUCH A WONDERFUL OPPORTUNITY TO COMPILE THIS PROJECT ON CLASSIFICATION OF LAW WHICH ALSO HELPED ME IN DOING A LOT OF RESEARCH AND I CAME TO KNOW ABOUT SO MANY NEW THINGS .I AM REALLY THANKFUL TO HER. SECONDLY I WOULD ALSO LIKERead MoreWhat is Due Process?1022 Words   |  4 Pagessystem was broken well before the new United States was born so the founding fathers know that laws would have to be set up to control this new land but so would rights also be needed. Let us now take a look at the system called Due Process and its roots. Due Process What is Due Process. The United State or any state may not deprive citizens of â€Å"life, liberty, or property† without due process of law. This right is given under the articles of the constitution and is found in more than on the sectionRead MoreRole and Functions of Law842 Words   |  4 PagesRole and Functions of Law Introduction Over time man has evolved from an uncivilized primate to a technological driven working machine, but that evolution could not have occurred without law. Law gives the backbone a society needs to flourish in a civilized and more or less positive way. Although laws in most societies are not perfect, they keep society members in check and prevent chaos from running amok. In this paper I will discuss the major roles and functions of law will be discussed includingRead MoreImplementing The Tax System Classification Rules1139 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Treasury (Treasury) finalized rules that were intended to simplify the tax entity classification rules. These rules have become known as the â€Å"check-the-box† regulations. Simply put, these regulations allow an eligible entity to â€Å"check a box† that indicates the desired tax treatment the entity wishes to have. These new regulations signify what was a much needed departure from the previous classification regulatio ns, which were vague, ambiguous, and created many disputes between taxpayers andRead MoreOn-going Issues in the Anti-dumping Investigation911 Words   |  4 Pagesvague and ambiguous, so WTO has included about this issue in ongoing Doha round. For the specific answer what should WTO reform the definition of the like product in Anti-dumping law is still being a question; there is no answer to this question. In my own perspective, the definition of the like product in WTO anti-dumping law should be reformed regarded to several reasons such as: ïÆ'Ëœ The definition of the like products provided by article 2.6 of the anti-dumping agreement is vague and ambiguous. ïÆ'ËœRead MoreLoving V. Virginia, Introduction, Facts, Legal Background1567 Words   |  7 PagesPrior to the 1967 case of Loving v. Virginia, many states had laws that banned the intermarriage of whites with black or other minorities. The United States has a long history of the existence of anti-miscegenation laws that forbid interracial marriage. The case presents the constitutional question whether a statutory scheme adopted by the State of Virginia to prevent marriages between persons solely on the basis of racial classifications violates the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of theRead MoreWhat Are Scientific Merit?1544 Words   |  7 Pageswithin the law enforcement organizations; and LEOs (Law enforcement officers) tend to be selective when they report crimes, and when this happens, it is like a filtering process which most of the public safety and law enforcement field can consider as bias within social groups. Advances the knowledge base and contribution to the theory: The research in regards to the field of the UCR system is not widely researched nor has it been systematically evaluated the impact of classification error from aRead MoreRole and Functions of Law Paper1479 Words   |  6 Pagesof Law Paper Jaclyn Wheatley LAW/421 June 25, 2012 Kathryn Harris Abstract This paper addresses the functions and role of law in business and society. This paper covers different types of laws including statutes, common laws, treaties, ordinances, and executive orders. As the paper continues it will discuss who creates and enforces these laws. This paper also discusses the classification of those laws into criminal and civil law, substantive and procedural law, and public and private laws. AsRead MoreEssay on The Roles and Functions of Law881 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roles and Functions of Law LAW/421 September 9, 2012 The Roles and Functions of Law The longest serving Supreme Court Judge William O Douglas most popular quotations is â€Å"Common sense frequently makes great law† This quote is what laws are rules and regulations that make common sense is, and to enforced ethical decision. Laws help the public as well as keep many parts in community. In business and society laws serve several roles and functions, and this paper will discuss those roles and

Achieving Better Health For The American Population

Achieving Better Health for the American Population Erick Dimalanta Western Governors University 000464183 Achieving better health for the American population Improving the health conditions of the American population ensures the increased quality of life. People eat for various reasons with the fundamental reason being for survival purposes. However, the issue of eating to live and living to eat affects people in different manners as most people develop poor eating habits that affect the body’s nutritional intake and affects their health. Being healthy involves careful considerations of what one is eating and engaging in activities that contribute to better healthy lives that do not imply daily prescriptions or†¦show more content†¦The American health efficiency won t be achieved through the increased consumption of fast foods, the American population should adopt better-eating habits and exercise approaches to ensure a healthy environment. Poor health habits are the leading causes of premature death among children and adults as indicated by WHO (2009). These habits increase the chance of health risks especially in cance r, heart diseases, and excessive weight gain. Fast foods consumption and lack of efficient physical activities inhibit the body s performance by increasing or decreasing necessary nutrients to levels the body cannot operate efficiently. Understanding the effects of poor and efficient eating habits and how to manage your health is crucial to the existence of a healthy population in the America. To understand these approaches, one has to understand some of the poor eating habits witnessed on most people in the United States. Paula (2015) states that only ten percent of the entire American population follow a daily diet consistent with the federal nutrient recommendations. Other than following the required nutrition, most people prefer meals rich in trans-fats, salt, saturated fat, and sugar and ignore fruits, vegetables, and fiber. The increased preference of poor nutrition contributes a total of four out of six in

The Expansion Of Islamic Rule - 2184 Words

In Europe during 1250-1350, the major technological advancement, firearms, was significant in influencing Europe’s rulers. Although created between the mid 13th and 14th century, firearms, such as cannons and muskets, weren’t fully developed to be efficient and reliable in warfare until the mid 1400’s. Due to an increase in firearms, rulers began to create centralized, fiscal-military states to finance their strategic shift to firearm bearing infantries (542,). Rulers also began to implement imperialism, extending a country’s power and influence through military force, which had been a dormant policy for decades. The reason for reverting was a result of developing commonwealths between the competing realms, consisting of the religious civilizations of Islam and Christianity. The people who led the expansion of Islamic rule, first over the Eastern Orthodox Christians and eventually over the Western, the Ottomans, frequently attempted to raise immense amoun ts of currency in silver and gold purely for the sake of obtains firepower in the hopes of world ruling. But as Abu- Lughod would reason, that was a long shot to begin with. Low on money, the Ottoman Sultans compensated their military commanders with parcels of conquered land, also known as land grants. Property used in land grants, typically farmed by local villagers, generated rental income for officers of their regimes. However, once the Ottoman rulers had gained control over more cities and progressed over longShow MoreRelatedIslam s Influence On The Middle East And Beyond1711 Words   |  7 PagesBefore it completed 100 years of its origin, Islam had expanded across the Middle East and beyond. The rate and success of Islam s expansion were nothing short of breathtaking. Due to Muhammad’s alluring message, personal charisma, political ingenuity, and his ability to appeal to his followers; their loyalty and devotion laid the foundation to Islam’s great conquest. Wh en the Muslim armies swarmed through the Arab frontier, their experience with the terrain and their self-determination allowedRead MoreThe Ottoman And The Aztec Empire976 Words   |  4 Pagesgreat empires. In the early part of the era, the Islamic Caliphates acted as a core region in the Middle East, heavily influencing the region around them. On the other side of the world, the Aztec Empire rose to power in the later part of the era with minimal trans-regional influence. Although on different sides of the world, both empires found similar ways to adapt to their diverse environments. In the post-classical era, the rise of the Islamic Caliphates and the Aztec Empire were similar in thatRead MoreA Discussion Of Faith Rose Surrounding The World Trade Center1630 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Brussels massacre that took place on March 22nd, a question of faith rose surrounding the sanctity of the Islamic faith. In an article meant to expose answers to this very question John Kasich brin gs up a point that when people claim France is at war with Islam, they actually should be referring to radical Islam. This point pulled further controversy as those who were not Islamic began to wonder if the faith condoned suicide bombings in the name of expelling infidels and bringing the comingRead MoreThe Umayyad Dynasty in the Period of Islamic History717 Words   |  3 PagesUmayyad dynasty in the period of Islamic history has been regarded with great reverence due to the fact that the boundaries of Islamic empire reached as far as river Indus to the Pyrenees Mountains. An era of great expansion, Umayyad dynasty’s reign didn’t hold much except for consistent warfare. Around 750 AD when Abdullah Al-Saffah rooted the foundations of the Abbasid dynasty on the blood and bones of Umayyad, the Islamic empire was vast rich and more powerful than any empire on the planet whichRead MoreThe Spread Of The Islamic World997 Words   |  4 PagesSofia Kone 3/6/15 WH7/P4 The Spread of the Islamic World Long ago in 610, a man named Muhammad meditated in a cave near Mecca Arabia , and received a religious vision. This vision laid the foundations and a new belief system for an unknown religion, Islam. United by their faith in Allah, Muslims of Arabia succeeded in consolidating their beliefs throughout the Arabian peninsula into the Middle East. After the death of Muhammad, the Islamic state expanded rapidly through a remarkable success ofRead MoreThe Islamic Civilization And Islam1658 Words   |  7 PagesOne cannot have an adequate and well-versed discussion about Islamic civilization without first defining two key terms: Civilization and Islam. Associate Professor at Washington University in St. Louis, Ahmet Karamustafa, defines civilizations as, â€Å"nothing more than a particular, even unique combination of ideas and practice that groups of human actors – who are the real agents of human history – affirm as their own and use to define and develop their ow n sense of presence and agency inRead More Taizong versus Al Mawardi in Politics and Religion Essay856 Words   |  4 Pagesshould rule their government or empire, the use of the military, and the similarity between who will succeed and or shall be chosen for a right task in government. It seems as if the Islamic structure for government is much more strict than the Tang Dynasty, based on the fact that the Islamic government must follow the Koran and Hadith. One difference between the Taizong handout and the Al Mawardi source is the way an emperor or caliphate shall rule their government or empire. The Islamic rulerRead MoreChapter 28: the Islamic Empires1054 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 28: The Islamic Empires Osman Bey: The founder of the dynasty that continued in unbroken succession until the dissolution of the empire. He was chief of a band of semi-nomadic Turks who migrated to northwestern Anatolia. Ghazi: What all Osman followers wanted to become, otherwise known as Muslim religious warriors. Ottomans: Those who were located on the borders of the Byzantine empire and followed Osman Bey. They captured the Anatolian city of Bursa and made it their capital. TheirRead MoreHow Did Islam Spread Following the Death of Muhammad? What Were Some of the Challenges That the Muslims Faced and How Did They Deal with Them?915 Words   |  4 PagesThe creation of Islam came about from the prophet Muhammad. Islam means submission to G-d, otherwise known as Allah to the Islamic people. Muhammad was someone who knew how to capture the attention of the people and did so very successfully. He spoke with passion and brought together the Arabian tribes who had been fighting for many years. Once united, Muhammad influenced these tribes to convert to Islam. Immediately following his death, the tribes who were once united broke apart and began fightingRead MoreThe Rise Of The Islamic Empire843 Words   |  4 Pagesof power, the Islamic Empire was extremely proficient at expanding their influence . Islam reached from Spain to India and had a huge impact on people all across the known world. Their success in expansion was due their use of tactics and methods to assist them in spreading their control. The spread of Islam was so successful because their faith made them vicious warriors, and their ideas were attractive to other peoples, making it easy for them to assimilate to the Umma. The Islamic faith was successful

Corporate Brand Image and Customer Satisfaction †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Brand Image and Customer Satisfaction. Answer: Introduction Starbucks Corporation is an American Coffee Company. It has well known position in the beverage and coffee industry. In the comparison of its competitors the revenue of the Starbucks has increased by 2% in 2017 (CSI market, 2017). Porters five forces model is aided an organization to evaluate the position of the company. The position of the company in terms of substitute products and services are defined below. Threat of substitute takes place when companies are forced to compete within same industry produced substitute products and services. The range of substitute product is high for the Starbucks brand coffee. The characteristics of Starbucks are availability of substitutes, low switching cost and low cost of substitute. This element of five forces model depicts that substitute have firm potential to negatively influence of Starbucks. There is possible chance that the customer of Starbucks can easily switch from one place to another due to availability of substitute of coffee in the market ( Magretta, 2011). The shifting cost of substitute is low because the customers of Starbucks are not required to spend for the purpose of shifting. Another threat source for Starbucks is homemade products which can provide the facility many customers to make at home. Apart from that the efficient customer service, excellent ambience and premium quality in coffee, Starbucks provides premium packaged cof fee and coffee makers to its customers. The brand loyalty and efficient quality of products and services are able to extent the threat of substitutes. Position of the company in term of customer The bargaining power of customer or buyers of Starbucks is moderate to low. Although the customers of the Starbucks are getting premium quality in coffee but there is a possibility that many of them can move to another brand if they get premium quality in low cost (Cheng 2013). There are so many substitutes available of the products of Starbucks which can force customer to have other brands beverages and switch from it to another. The power of buyer is affected by number of availability of products in the market. It has been analyzed that the product mix of Starbucks is diverse. Customers are attractive towards the brand of coffee which is provided by Starbucks. Thus, the aspect of force model of porters defines that the customers are precious for Starbucks but there is a possible chance that the other brand might get attract of its customers by providing low cost beverages. The business model of Starbucks contains 9 models which aids it to do something innovative with its products and services. The description of business model of Starbucks is mentioned below. Starbucks is possessing approximately 20,000 stores worldwide inclusive of Starbucks Coffee, Teavana, Seattles Coffee development of renewed retail locations (Geereddy, 2013). The target customer of Starbucks is men and women aged 25 to 40. The size of the organization is wider and Starbucks is establishing itself in present as well as future market as well by opning its store in all over the world. It secures reliable customers trust and preserve market share as well. The first Starbucks was opened in Washington in 1971 by three partners. Gordon Bowker, Jerry Baldwin and Zev Siegl were founder of Starbucks Company (Mason, Cole Goza, 2017). The competitors of the Starbucks are McDonalds, Costa Coffee and Dunkins Donuts. In the context of marketing and sales, Starbucks focuses on the premium high quality items and upper level of client administration (Garthwaite, et. al., 2017). The technology development of Starbucks is remarkable because it provides the premium quality and maintain s the consistency in the flavour and menu to connect with the customers for a long time (Tu, Wang and Chang, 2012). Conclusion It has been recommended that the Starbucks are popular brand for the coffee. Apart from the positive aspects there are some major challenges such as low cost products by competitive brands, higher prices of coffee beans and variety in the food provided by the competitors who may impact the Starbucks adversely. It has been recommended that it should operate its business as per analysing and evaluating the demand of customers. References Cheng, D.S. (2013). Analyze the hotel industry in porter five competitive forces.Journal of Global Business Management,9(3), p.52. CSI market. (2017). SBUX Sales vs. its Competitors Q2 2017, Retrieved fromhttps://csimarket.com/stocks/compet_glance.php?code=SBUX. DaSilva, C. M., Trkman, P. (2014). Business model: what it is and what it is not.Long range planning,47(6), 379-389. Garthwaite, C., Garthwaite, C., Busse, M., Busse, M., Brown, J., Brown, J., Merkley, G. (2017). Starbucks: A Story of Growth.Kellogg School of Management Cases, 1-20. Magretta, J., (2011).Understanding Michael Porter: The essential guide to competition and strategy. Harvard business press. Mason, A., Cole, T., Goza, N. (2017). Starbucks: a case study of effective management in the coffee industry.Journal of International Management Studies,17(1). Tu, Y.T., Wang, C.M. and Chang, H.C. (2012). Corporate brand image and customer satisfaction on loyalty: An empirical study of Starbucks coffee in Taiwan.Journal of Social and Development Sciences,3(1), pp.24-32.

Blindness in Carver’s “Cathedral” free essay sample

Abstract Raymond Carver, being a famous American short story writer in the 20th century, was often labeled as a minimalist writer. However, his â€Å"Cathedral† was nothing like his previous stories. With no extraneous words, Carver expressed his unique worldview and vision in â€Å"Cathedral†. This essay will examine the text from four different perspectives: sight and insight, names and downplay of individuality, dialogues between characters, and the growth of narrator, which are all related to the theme â€Å"blindness† and all contribute to the fulfillment of the work’s artistic and literary value. Keywords Raymond Carver â€Å"Cathedral† Sight and Insight Downplay of Individuality Dialogue Growth of Narrator â€Å"Which stories are your favorites? † When the French literary journalist Claude Grimal interviewed Raymond Carver in the spring of 1987, Carver responded to this question with the answer â€Å"Cathedral†. Raymond Carver was a debatable American short story writer in the Reagan era. He was often labeled as a minimalist writer by his contemporary critics, which he rejected in several interviews. Yet, â€Å"Cathedral† was nothing like the â€Å"minimalist† stories Carver wrote before. According to Lehman, â€Å"‘Cathedral’ is a vastly different story from any that are collected in What We Talk About When We Talk About Love, but not because its theory of significant facts has changed. The distinction is that characterization and plots are expanded, while Carver, on occasion, allows himself an optimistic vision that seemed impossible for him to express earlier. † Even Carver admitted that himself in his interview with the French literary journalist Claude Grimal: â€Å"The story ‘Cathedral’ seemed to me completely different from everything Id written before. † The idea of the story was inspired by a blind friend of Carver’s wife Tess Gallagher. Just like in the story, the blind friend of Carver’s wife came to visit them after his wife’s death. And this real blind friend of Gallagher Jerry Carriveau was the prototype of the blind man Robert in â€Å"Cathedral†. Carver’s stories often start with something real and he revealed this in the 1983 interview for The Paris Review: â€Å"But there’s always something, some element, something said to me or that I witnessed, that may be the starting place† (Carver Country, 51). It was often commented that Carver’s earlier stories were written for the blue-collar. However, we can hardly find any such traces in the story â€Å"Cathedral†. It mainly focuses on the narrator’s change and growth (Interview with Claude Grimal), through the inspiration from the blind man. Thus, â€Å"blindness† is especially important in this story. In the short story â€Å"Cathedral†, the word â€Å"blind† has appeared 80 times. â€Å"Blindness† is the key theme which causes the narrator’s change and growth. In the following passage, I will examine the text from four different perspectives: sight and insight, name and downplay of individuality, dialogues between characters, and the growth of narrator, which are all derived from the key theme â€Å"blindness†. 1. Sight and Insight Blindness serves as an important feature of the wife’s old friend Robert and also the theme of the story. However what Carver wanted to show was not only physical blindness, he wanted to show the difference between sight and insight. The author gave effort to stress the feature of Robert repetitively so as to express the narrator’s discomfort and discrimination against blindness. In the first paragraph, the narrator expressed his stereotypical view towards â€Å"blindness†: â€Å"My idea of blindness came from the movies. In the movies, the blind moved slowly and never laughed† (Fiction 100, 123). In the following plot, every activity the narrator did with Robert was a new experience because Robert was physically blind and it was the narrator’s first contact with a blind man. From chatting, smoking, drinking, eating to watching television, Carver had deliberately chosen these activities to show Robert’s â€Å"blindness† and described in detail Robert’s reactions and the narrator’s responses. When the three of us were having dinner, the narrator particularly paid attention to Robert’s action: â€Å"The blind man had right away located his foods, he knew just where everything was on his plate. † Yet the narrator had no idea that being able to look is different from being able to see. The narrator had sight but he lacked insight. He could not understand his wife and he knew little about his wife’s past. When Robert and the narrator’s wife were chatting about the past ten years, the narrator could not cut in and talked as well. He could simply sit aside and pretended that he was not interested. He did not take time to understand his wife and his miscommunication with his wife will be further discussed in the third section of the thesis. On the contrary, Robert was understanding and insightful. He supported the narrator’s wife when she most needed comfort and security. Robert took the initiative, asking the narrator’s wife to send him tapes telling him about her life. He took the effort and time to listen and responded by sending back another tape to her. It continued for ten years. The audiotapes between Robert and the narrator’s wife served as an effective communication channel. They had kept their friendship for all those years while being physically so far away. However the narrator did not pay attention to his wife’s personal life. When he was hearing the audiotape with his wife, a knock on the door interrupted and he never got back to hear the tape, totally ignoring Robert’s possibly influencing comments on himself. When Robert finally visited the narrator in person, they could eventually have a genuine dialogue when his wife was asleep. As Robert could not watch the television with his own eyes, the narrator gave some verbal accounts of what the television was showing. The narrator’s inability to describe the cathedral with his words to Robert shows the failure of language. Trussler analyzed Carver’s another story â€Å"Why Don’t You Dance? † with the conclusion that it is â€Å"a contemporary fable that underscores the difficulty of producing meaning through narration†. In this case, the narrator had difficulty in producing meaning from his description of cathedrals. It also shows the narrator’s inability to â€Å"see† things. He did not have insight for anything and that was why he could not describe the cathedral. He knew nothing about religion and so he could not give accounts about the religious architecture. He could only utter certain adjectives to describe the architecture: â€Å"tall†, â€Å"big†, â€Å"massive†. He even repeated the phrase â€Å"In those olden days† twice in his second attempt to describe the cathedral, implying that he could not find words to express what he wanted to say. It was the blind man who eventually helped the narrator to discover a new realm of knowing the things he took for granted. He asked the narrator to draw a cathedral on a heavy paper. The roles of the narrator and Robert had switched at that moment. Normally, it should be the one who could see to tell what a cathedral was like. However in this case, it was the blind man who guided the narrator on how to feel the world. â€Å"His fingers rode my fingers as my hand went over the paper† (Fiction 100, 132). The blind man had shared his worldview with the narrator by working with the narrator to complete the drawing of a cathedral. In the last scene, when Robert told the narrator to open his eyes and take a look at the drawing, the narrator still closed his eyes. He was enjoying his epiphanic moment in recognizing the world with a different feeling: â€Å"It’s really something† (Fiction 100, 133). 2. Names and Downplay of Individuality Blindness is not the only theme of the story, the seldom use of names in â€Å"Cathedral† is worth noted as well. There are three main characters in the story. Yet until the end of the story, we readers only know that the blind man’s name was Robert. We do not know the names of the narrator and his wife. Strange enough, we know from the interlude the name of Robert’s dead wife: Beulah. Though the narrator had known Robert’s name all along, he did not call him by his name, but by his disability: â€Å"the blind man†. We seldom saw the narrator addressing Robert by his name in the story. It was always his wife who called Robert by his name in the dialogues. The dismissal of using a name for the major characters in the story signifies Carver’s intention to downplay the individuality of the characters, further focusing on the physical feature of the characters: the blindness of Robert, the femininity of the narrator’s wife. It also shows the narrator’s superficial attitude towards people. Carver adopted the first-person point of view and enhanced the realistic feeling of reading the story. Readers can directly get in touch with the superficial and judgmental character of the narrator from his frank narration. The narrator’s wife was never mentioned by her own name. The narrator simply called her â€Å"my wife†. Before she became the narrator’s wife, she was another person’s wife: â€Å"an Air Force officer’s wife† (Fiction 100, 124). She was not given her own individuality but only the identity as someone’s wife: â€Å"She told him that she was writing a poem about what it was like to be an Air Force officer’s wife† (Fiction 100, 124). Even his wife’s ex-husband did not have a name: â€Å"Her officer—why should he have a name? he was the childhood sweetheart, and what more does he want? † (Fiction 100, 124) The narrator just called his wife’s ex-husband â€Å"my wife’s officer†. It can be interpreted that the narrator was self-centered and self-absorbed, caring only those relating to himself. The narrator did not respect others, therefore he did not address people by their names, but only by their most distinguished features. In Robert’s case, it was â€Å"blindness†. Robert’s name was only mentioned four times in the story by the narrator, except in dialogues and through his wife’s mouth. The name â€Å"Robert† was first mentioned in the third-to-last sentence of the sixteenth paragraph, before the narrator’s wife officially introduced Robert to him face to face. We can deduce that the narrator had known Robert’s name all along, even before Robert had arrived at their house. However, the narrator chose to address Robert as â€Å"the blind man† throughout the whole story. It can be considered an attempt of stressing the theme â€Å"blindness† and Carver’s effort to underplay Robert’s individuality. Robert’s dead wife also had a name: Beulah. But it was only mentioned because the name could show that the woman was a colored woman. â€Å"Beulah! That’s a name for a colored woman† (Fiction 100, 124). The narrator immediately exclaimed after he knew the name of Robert’s wife. He even took the step to ask his wife if Beulah was â€Å"a Negro†. Thus, it can be inferred that Carver meant to reveal the narrator’s judgmental nature through mentioning the name â€Å"Beulah†. The name was used for the purpose of exclusion. The name of the narrator is unknown. His wife did not address him by his name in any dialogue she had with her husband. Even when she introduced the narrator to Robert, she did not give her husband’s name, but only said â€Å"this is my husband† (Fiction 100, 125). I regard this writing technique as Carver’s effort of downplaying the characters’ identity and individuality. The narrator does not only represent himself but also the group of people who are judgmental and discriminative. The narrator’s wife represents another group of people who are kind and open-minded, willing to accept people with disabilities. Although Robert and Beulah were addressed by their names in the story, Beulah was a minor character and Robert’s name was not always mentioned. The narrator addressed Robert as â€Å"the blind man† more often, suggesting physical deficiency than personality. 3. Dialogues between Characters Although the physical deficiency of Robert is much emphasized in the story, the personality of Robert can be brought out in dialogues. Dialogues are essential in Carver’s stories. As he stated in the 1987 interview with Claude Grimal, he considered dialogues important: â€Å"It ought to advance the plot or illuminate character. † In â€Å"Cathedral†, dialogues have more significance in his other stories. Since Robert was blind, his communication with either the narrator or his wife could only through conversations. Consequently, dialogues are of great impact on the story’s development. The dialogues in â€Å"Cathedral† can be divided into three categories: between the narrator and his wife; between the narrator, his wife and Robert; and between the narrator and Robert. We can notice that the narrator had some miscommunication with his wife. Since Robert was his wife’s friend and he himself was a discriminative person, he could not possibly speak out how he felt disturbed by a visit from a blind man. Therefore the narrator began his dialogue with his wife with â€Å"Maybe I could take him bowling† (Fiction 100, 124), which was not even a reasonable suggestion for a blind man. The narrator was trying to act nice and was testing how his wife would respond. His wife could feel his unwillingness and responded by extending the topic to his love toward her, further convincing her husband that it was just ordinary to treat a friend. If he especially took it out to discuss, it would be unnecessary. Then the narrator rebutted that he did not have any blind friends. He implied that he was just consulting if it was a good idea to take the blind man to bowling. When the narrator asked if Robert’s wife was â€Å"a Negro†, his wife could no longer stand his judgmental comment and could only replied â€Å"Are you crazy? Are you drunk? †, indicating a communication gap here. The wife did not realize that her husband was narrow-minded. She expected that her husband would welcome Robert as his friend as well. The narrator was still mindful of his wife’s ambiguous relationship with Robert in the past ten years. He did not just feel uncomfortable about Robert’s being blind, but also Robert’s close relationship with his wife. When Robert and the narrator first encountered, Robert felt at ease and tried to make a connection with the narrator. It was the narrator who wanted to distance himself. He said â€Å"Welcome† to Robert, assuring that he was the owner of the house and that he was the host of Robert. During the narrator’s presence, his wife maintained a close relationship with Robert as well. Robert called the narrator’s wife â€Å"my dear† and â€Å"they talked about the major things that had come to pass for them in the past ten years† (Fiction 100, 127). The narrator started to feel better about Robert after dinner, awed by Robert’s ability to manage his life so well even though he was blind. He tried to address Robert by his name thrice in the paragraph. However, he felt left out since the two of them exchanged their previous experience and the narrator felt like the only outsider. Only when the narrator’s wife was asleep could the two men have a chance to talk to each other. One thing worth taking note of is the way Robert addressed the narrator, calling him â€Å"bub†. According to Cambridge Dictionaries Online, â€Å"bub† is a form of address used to a man, sometimes in a slightly angry way. Within the context, there is no reason for Robert to be angry with the narrator. It can be regarded as an intimate address to the narrator, or a spark of contempt, implying that he was older and more experienced than the narrator. We can tell that the narrator did not like it. He exclaimed â€Å"Bub! † when he first heard Robert calling him that. After the narrator failed to describe the cathedral to Robert, his legs â€Å"felt like they didn’t have any strength in them† (Fiction 100, 131). Feeling powerless in front of a blind man, the narrator lost all confidence. It was Robert who encouraged the narrator: â€Å"Terrific. You’re doing fine† (Fiction 100, 132). The dialogues between the three major characters reveal their relationship and their change of relationship. At first, the narrator was irritated by Robert’s visit. He did not welcome Robert as he said. Then after much contact with Robert, the narrator started to change his views toward blind people because his stereotypes did not match with Robert. Yet he did not want to admit that he was wrong in judging people. After his spiritual communication with Robert, he actually changed and was able to view the world with a different perspective. 4. Growth of Narrator The growth of the narrator in â€Å"Cathedral† is something new in Carver’s stories. â€Å"Id never written a story like that. † Carver explained in his interview with Claude Grimal when he admitted that the narrator changed and grew in the story. Only with the appearance of the blind man Robert, the narrator could realize that he lacked in-depth thinking and he could not even do the job of describing a cathedral to a blind man. Robert, though being physically blind, rescued the narrator by opening his eyes to the new dimension of life, understanding the nature of things more in depth. In the beginning of the story, the narrator was a typical white man, feeling superior to colored people, judgmental towards the disabled ones. He tried not to show it explicitly in his narration but he admitted that he was not happy about Robert’s visit: â€Å"I wasn’t enthusiastic about his visit†¦. And his being blind bothered me†¦. A blind man in my house was not something I looked forward to† (Fiction 100, 123). He was jealous of the ambiguous relationship between Robert and his wife too, especially when he knew that Robert â€Å"touched his fingers to every part of her face, her nose—even her neck† (Fiction 100, 123). He was bothered by the fact that his wife treated Robert’s touching as â€Å"something really important had happened to her† (Fiction 100, 123). As a result, the narrator had a repulsive feeling towards Robert. He treated Robert as a stranger, â€Å"this blind man I didn’t even know! † (Fiction 100, 124) Those stereotypes he had for blind people were not realistic because he hadn’t met a blind man before. â€Å"A beard on a blind man! Too much, I say. † (Fiction 100, 125) He was pretentious, acting as a person whom he was not in front of Robert. Before they had their dinner, he led the prayer. His wife was most surprised and â€Å"her mouth agape†. We can tell that the narrator and his wife had no such habit as praying before meals. The prayer was not a prayer at all. No addresses of gods or requests for blessings in the prayer. The prayer was secular: â€Å"Pray the phone won’t ring and food doesn’t get cold† (Fiction 100, 127). The way the narrator talked about the marriage between Beulah and Robert was not without traces of contempt and disdain. When he spoke of the wedding of Beulah and Robert, he interrupted with a question: â€Å"who’d want to go to such a wedding in the first place? Inferring his scorn for the couple. Being more scornful, he even repeated his wife’s word â€Å"inseparable† in italics. He even made fun of Robert’s disability to picture the scene of Beulah’s death for entertainment, imagining Robert’s blind eyes with tears running and Beulah regretting that Robert had never seen her face dying. However, the narrator gradually discovered that Robert was beyond his expectations. Robert acted as if he could see and could take care of himself very well. He began to respect Robert and invited him to smoke marijuana with him. The relationship between the two men began to get closer and friendlier. In the last part, the narrator even cared for Robert’s needs and asked if he knew what a cathedral looked like. He tried hard to describe a cathedral to Robert not only because of his pride of being able to see, but also because of his supposed superiority over blind people, the so-called â€Å"responsibility† to take care of the needy and weak. Yet it turned out that the narrator was the one who needed help. Although Robert was physically handicapped, he was spiritually satisfied. For the narrator, he was physically well conditioned but he lacked spiritual fulfillment. Like what he answered Robert, he was not religious and he did not believe in anything. But when he followed Robert’s guidance to draw out a cathedral, and closed his eyes to feel, he reached a transcendental moment: â€Å"It’s really something† (Fiction 100, 133). What the â€Å"something† is we do not know exactly, but it is no doubt that the narrator had changed his views and probably opened up his mind with the help of a blind man. â€Å"In Carver there is a prevailing absence, a silence, an empty space between the lines that his texts invite us to fill†(Reading Raymond Carver, 1). Carver did not overtly tell us anything in the story â€Å"Cathedral†. We can interpret it in many ways. For me, Carver had created his â€Å"Carverian world† in â€Å"Cathedral†, or in Gallagher’s words â€Å"Carver Country†. People are divided into two groups: prejudiced versus non-prejudiced; disabled versus good and healthy, whether physically or spiritually. However, no matter which group you belong to, there is always something to learn from the other group. â€Å"Cathedral† is a short story but it is embedded with important themes. Blindness advances the plot and brings out the ultimate epiphany scene of the narrator, enlightening both the character and the readers. The downplaying of individuality by the rare use of names is also worth discussed. Carver introduced a personal account of story and it is universally applicable. Dialogues serve as the indicator of the relationship between the characters and witness the change of relationship, especially between Robert and the narrator. Through the verbal interactions, we are able to know more about the feelings and attitudes of the characters. The growth of the narrator is what Carver wanted to show in this particular story. In his earlier stories, Carver seldom introduced such an idea. Different from his previous writing habit, that is secluding himself in his room, he drafted â€Å"Cathedral† on a train paralleling the Hudson River, the very train that Jerry Carriveau, the prototype of Robert had taken from New York City for their reunion (Carver Country, 15). This newly added idea sheds some optimistic light on the work itself. In 1982 a question-and-answer session at the University of Akron, Carver said, â€Å"This is a farfetched analogy, but it’s in a way like building a fantastic cathedral. The main thing is to get the work of art together. You don’t know who built those cathedrals, but they’re there† (Reading Raymond Carver, 185). â€Å"Cathedral† is not only a great piece of literary work with simple language, but also a work of art with profound themes and a new vision. Works Cited